1952年,荣格发表了一篇论文,题为《共时性——一种非因果性原理》(Synchronizität als ein Prinzip akausaler Zusammenhänge)。[4]这篇论文和诺贝尔奖得主沃尔夫冈·泡利写的一篇研究课题相关的论文都被收录在同一卷中,而泡利有时会抨击荣格的想法。[5][6]荣格认为当事件可能都是都是被因果关系所关联的,它们也有可能可以通过意义相关联。由意义所关联的事件之间不需要因果关系上的解释,这通常不违背因果性公理,但是在少数情况下会造成过早放弃因果解释的后果。
荣格在辩论关于超自然现象的存在时也使用了共时性的概念,一名相信超自然现象存在的作者阿瑟·库斯勒就在他1972年出版的《巧合的根源》(The Roots of Coincidence)中讨论了共时性。[7][8]这一种超出仅仅巧合或一般意义上的超自然现象的共时性的想法被学术界所广泛的抗拒。
Jung, Carl. Synchronicity – An Acausal Connecting Principle. Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1972. ISBN 0-7100-7397-6. Also included in his Collected Works volume 8.
^Jung, Carl G. Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle. Bollingen, Switzerland: Bollingen Foundation. 1993 [1952]. ISBN 978-0-691-01794-5. 被包括在荣格作品集的第八卷中。
^Koestler, Arthur (1973). The Roots of Coincidence. Vintage. ISBN0-394-71934-4.
^原文:How are we to recognize acausal combinations of events, since it is obviously impossible to examine all chance happenings for their causality? The answer to this is that acausal events may be expected most readily where, on closer reflection, a causal connection appears to be inconceivable.
Bernard Beitman, MD,"Connecting with Coincidence--Synchronicity in Practice"[1] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),Health Communications, Inc.,Publication Date: March, 2016.
Aziz, Robert. Synchronicity and the Transformation of the Ethical in Jungian Psychology. Becker, Carl (编). Asian and Jungian Views of Ethics. Greenwood. 1999. ISBN 0-313-30452-1.
Aziz, Robert. The Syndetic Paradigm: The Untrodden Path Beyond Freud and Jung. The State University of New York Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-7914-6982-8.