奥斯卡最佳女主角奖 (英語:Academy Award for Best Actress )是美国电影艺术与科学学院 颁发的一个年度奖项,旨在奖励在电影中有杰出表现的女性主演演员。奖项于1929年的第1届奥斯卡颁奖典礼 上首度颁发,获奖者是主演《第七天堂 》、《马路天使 》和《日出 》的珍妮·盖诺 [1] 。目前,奖项提名人选由学院演员分部成员通过可转移单票制 选出,获奖者则由学院全部投票成员通过多数制 决定[2] 。
第1到3届奥斯卡金像奖 角逐期间,所有提名人都可以因相应年度的多部作品获得同一项提名,这其中最多的达到3部,片名均会列在提名人选的姓名之后[3] :56 。不过,在1930年举行的第3届颁奖典礼上,获奖者虽然是因两部电影获得提名,但最终的获奖作品只列出了一部[4] 。次年,这套既不实用、又容易造成混乱的制度被新的制度取代,这一新制度也沿用至今,每位男演员均是因单独一部电影中的表演获提名,但仍然可以凭借多部电影获得多项提名[3] :56 。从1937年举行的第9届颁奖典礼 开始,这一奖项正式固定为每年提名5位人选[3] :56 。
截至2019年 ,共有78位女演员获得过这一奖项,第41屆 因凯瑟琳·赫本 和芭芭拉·史翠珊 兩位票數相同,因此同獲此獎,凯瑟琳·赫本 曾4次胜出,是获奖次数最多的女演员。梅丽尔·斯特里普 提名次数最多,达17次(其中有两次获奖)。奖项的最近一位胜出者则是因《茱蒂 》获奖的芮妮·齊薇格 。
获奖和提名 [ 编辑 ]
以下列表中列出了所有曾获奥斯卡最佳女主角奖及提名的演员、提名影片、获奖年份及颁奖典礼的届数。绝大多数颁奖典礼都是于提名影片在加利福尼亚州 洛杉矶县 上映的次年举行。[5] :257 第1到第5届奖项角逐的电影上映周期则是从8月1日到次年7月31日[3] :52 。角逐第6届奖项的电影上映周期很长,从1932年8月1日一直持续到了1933年12月31日[3] :52 。从1935年举行的第7届颁奖典礼开始,电影要获得提名资格,则必须是在上一日历年发行,即1月1日至12月31日[3] :52 。
索菲娅·罗兰 因1961年的《烽火母女泪》胜出,成为首位在电影中未说英语而得奖的女演员
[6] 。
简·方达 先后6次获提名,并因1971年的《
柳巷芳草 》和1978年的《荣归》两度封后
西西·史派克 曾獲6次提名,並因1980年的《礦工的女兒》一度封后。
杰西卡·兰格 先后有5次提名,并因1994年的《蓝色天空》得奖。
图例
获奖者
*
去世后获奖
獲獎及提名次數 [ 编辑 ]
以下演员至少曾获奖2次:
以下演员至少有过4次提名:
年龄纪录 [ 编辑 ]
A 1 2 :根据前3届奥斯卡奖的角逐规则,一位演员可以因多种电影获得同一项提名。葛丽泰·嘉宝 和瑙玛·希拉 均因两部影片获提名,但现行规则中已经禁止了这种情况。希拉本因两部电影获提名,但获奖时列出的电影只有一部,对此电影艺术与科学学院没有给出正式解释。[101]
B ^ :贝蒂·戴维斯 并没有因《人生的枷锁》获得提名[102] :1002 ,但由于这年(和次年)有多位富于影响的人为戴维斯宣传,要求给予她提名,所以学院这年放松了规定,允许投票者将她的名字直接写在选票上来参加角逐[102] :1045 。严格意义上来说,这意味着任何女演员都有可能因主演相应年份的某部电影获提名,但学院并不正式认可戴维斯的提名[3] :51 [102] :65 。
C 1 2 :凯瑟琳·赫本 和芭芭拉·史翠珊 获得的支持票数完全相同,因此根据学院的规则两人并列获奖[3] :116 。
参考文献 [ 编辑 ]
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^ The 8th Academy Awards (1936) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 9th Academy Awards (1937) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 10th Academy Awards (1938) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 11th Academy Awards (1939) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 12th Academy Awards (1940) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 13th Academy Awards (1941) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 14th Academy Awards (1942) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 15th Academy Awards (1943) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 16th Academy Awards (1944) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 17th Academy Awards (1945) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 18th Academy Awards (1946) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 19th Academy Awards (1947) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 20th Academy Awards (1948) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 21st Academy Awards (1949) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 22nd Academy Awards (1950) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 23rd Academy Awards (1951) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 24th Academy Awards (1952) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 25th Academy Awards (1953) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 26th Academy Awards (1954) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-06 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 27th Academy Awards (1955) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 28th Academy Awards (1956) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 29th Academy Awards (1957) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 30th Academy Awards (1958) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 31st Academy Awards (1959) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 32nd Academy Awards (1960) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 33rd Academy Awards (1961) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 34th Academy Awards (1962) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 35th Academy Awards (1963) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 36th Academy Awards (1964) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 37th Academy Awards (1965) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 38th Academy Awards (1966) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 39th Academy Awards (1967) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
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^ The 41st Academy Awards (1969) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 42nd Academy Awards (1970) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 43rd Academy Awards (1971) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 44th Academy Awards (1972) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 45th Academy Awards (1973) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 46th Academy Awards (1974) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 47th Academy Awards (1975) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 48th Academy Awards (1976) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 49th Academy Awards (1977) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 50th Academy Awards (1978) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 51st Academy Awards (1979) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 52nd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 53rd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 54th Academy Awards (1982) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 55th Academy Awards (1983) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容 存档于2015-04-02).
^ The 56th Academy Awards (1984) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 57th Academy Awards (1985) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 58th Academy Awards (1986) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 59th Academy Awards (1987) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 60th Academy Awards (1988) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 61st Academy Awards (1989) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 62nd Academy Awards (1990) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-07 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 63rd Academy Awards (1991) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 65th Academy Awards (1993) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 66th Academy Awards (1994) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 67th Academy Awards (1995) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 68th Academy Awards (1996) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 69th Academy Awards (1997) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 71st Academy Awards (1999) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 72nd Academy Awards (2000) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 73rd Academy Awards (2001) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 74th Academy Awards (2002) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 75th Academy Awards (2003) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 76th Academy Awards (2004) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 77th Academy Awards (2005) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 78th Academy Awards (2006) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 79th Academy Awards (2007) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 80th Academy Awards (2008) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 81st Academy Awards (2009) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 82nd Academy Awards (2010) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 83rd Academy Awards (2011) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 84th Academy Awards (2012) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 85th Academy Awards (2013) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-02).
^ The 86th Academy Awards (2014) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-05-08 ] . (原始内容存档 于2015-04-16).
^ The 87th Academy Awards (2015) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2015-01-15 ] . (原始内容存档 于2017-11-02).
^ The 88th Academy Awards (2016) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2016-02-28 ] . (原始内容存档 于2017-09-20).
^ The 89th Academy Awards (2017) Nominees and Winners . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). [2017-01-14 ] . (原始内容存档 于2017-11-01).
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