女性凝视

女性凝视/女性视角（英語：female gaze），在女性主义理论中，女性凝视指在视觉艺术^[1]和在文学创作^[2]中，从女异性恋者的角度描绘男性和现实，将男性性客体化以取悦异性恋女性观众的行为^[3]。

在叙事电影的视觉和美学表现中，女性凝视拥有三个视角：

摄像机后的女性视角；
电影中女性角色的视角；
凝视图像的女性观众的视角^[4]^[5]。

女性凝视与男性凝视在概念上形成对比^[6]^[7]。

女性视角作品[编辑]

女频作品、女性向作品，是网络新詞，泛指以女性為目標客群的作品。該概念常用於娛樂產業，尤其是小说、電子遊戲與漫畫等ACG作品；例如在戀愛遊戲當中，設定角色與表現手法迎合少女喜好，通常也刻意強調美少年角色的英俊與優秀。

参见[编辑]

参考文献[编辑]

^ Feminist Aesthetics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Winter 2012 [13 May 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-02）. Assumes a standard point of view that is masculine and heterosexual. . . . The phrase 'male gaze' refers to the frequent framing of objects of visual art so that the viewer is situated in a masculine position of appreciation.
^ That the male gaze applies to literature and to the visual arts: Łuczyńska-Hołdys, Małgorzata (2013). Soft-Shed Kisses: Re-visioning the Femme Fatale in English Poetry of the 19th Century, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, p. 15.
^ Eaton, E.W. Feminist Philosophy of Art. Philosophy Compass (Wiley-Blackwell). September 2008, 3 (5): 873–893. doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00154.x.
^ Devereaux, Mary. Oppressive Texts, Resisting Readers, and the Gendered Spectator: The "New" Aesthetics. Brand, Peggy Z.; Korsmeyer, Carolyn (编). Feminism and tradition in aesthetics. University Park, Pennsylvania: Penn State University Press. 1995: 126. ISBN 9780271043968.
^ Walters, Suzanna Danuta. Visual Pressures: On Gender and Looking. Walters, Suzanna Danuta (编). Material Girls: Making Sense of Feminist Cultural Theory. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 1995: 57. ISBN 9780520089778.
^ Sassatelli, Roberta. Interview with Laura Mulvey: Gender, Gaze and Technology in Film Culture. Theory, Culture & Society. September 2011, 28 (5): 123–143. doi:10.1177/0263276411398278.
^ Jacobsson, Eva-Maria. A Female Gaze? (PDF) (Report). Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology. 1999 [2021-01-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-10-04）.

[1] Feminist Aesthetics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Winter 2012 [13 May 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-02）. Assumes a standard point of view that is masculine and heterosexual. . . . The phrase 'male gaze' refers to the frequent framing of objects of visual art so that the viewer is situated in a masculine position of appreciation.

[2] That the male gaze applies to literature and to the visual arts: Łuczyńska-Hołdys, Małgorzata (2013). Soft-Shed Kisses: Re-visioning the Femme Fatale in English Poetry of the 19th Century, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, p. 15.

[3] Eaton, E.W. Feminist Philosophy of Art. Philosophy Compass (Wiley-Blackwell). September 2008, 3 (5): 873–893. doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00154.x.

[4] Devereaux, Mary. Oppressive Texts, Resisting Readers, and the Gendered Spectator: The "New" Aesthetics. Brand, Peggy Z.; Korsmeyer, Carolyn (编). Feminism and tradition in aesthetics. University Park, Pennsylvania: Penn State University Press. 1995: 126. ISBN 9780271043968.

[5] Walters, Suzanna Danuta. Visual Pressures: On Gender and Looking. Walters, Suzanna Danuta (编). Material Girls: Making Sense of Feminist Cultural Theory. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 1995: 57. ISBN 9780520089778.

[interview-mulvey-2011-6] Sassatelli, Roberta. Interview with Laura Mulvey: Gender, Gaze and Technology in Film Culture. Theory, Culture & Society. September 2011, 28 (5): 123–143. doi:10.1177/0263276411398278.

[jacobsson-7] Jacobsson, Eva-Maria. A Female Gaze? (PDF) (Report). Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology. 1999 [2021-01-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-10-04）.

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女性凝视

女性视角作品[编辑]

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