巴濕伐那陀
巴濕伐那陀是耆那教24位蒂爾丹嘉拉之一，並且排第23位。公元前9世纪，他生于印度瓦拉纳西，父亲是太阳王朝的国王，母亲是王后。 有历史学家认为他可能生活在约公元前8至前6世纪之間 [1] 。他曾提出不杀生、不欺诳、不偷盗、戒私财四条戒律[2]。
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Kuiper 2010，第144頁.
- ^ 巴湿伐那陀. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2021-06-09 [2025-08-21].
- Basham, A.L. History and Doctrines of the Ājīvikas: A Vanished Indian Religion. Jainism Series. Motilal Banarsidass. 1951. ISBN 978-81-208-1204-8.
- Bhandarkar, Devadatta Ramakrishna. Chhabra, Bahadur Chand , 编. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum (Revised) (PDF) 3. Archaeological Survey of India. 1981.
- Bhattacharya, B. C. The Jain Iconography (PDF) 2nd. Motilal Banarsidass. 1974 [1939].
- Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi. Approaches to History: Essays in Indian Historiography. Primus Books. 2011. ISBN 9789380607177.
- Brown, Robert L. Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God. State University of New York Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-7914-0656-4.
- Chapple, Christopher K. Andrew R. Murphy , 编. The Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence. John Wiley. 2011. ISBN 978-1-4443-9573-0.
- Smith, Vincent A. Jain Stupa and other antiquitie (PDF) 20. Allahabad: Superintendent, Government Press. 1901 （英语）.
- Cort, John E. Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India. Oxford University Press. 2001. ISBN 978-0-19-803037-9.
- Cort, John E. Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History. Oxford University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-19-538502-1.
- Coulter, Charles Russell. Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. Routledge. 2013. ISBN 978-1-135-96390-3.
- Dalal, Roshen. The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths. Penguin books. 2010. ISBN 978-0-14-341517-6. 已忽略未知参数
|orig-date=(帮助) - Danielou, Alain, L'Histoire de l'Inde Translated from French by Kenneth Hurry
, Inner Traditions/Bear, 1971, ISBN 978-0-89281-923-2 - Datta, Amaresh. Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti 2. Sahitya Akademi. 1988. ISBN 9788126011940.
- Dehejia, Vidya. The Body Adorned: Sacred and Profane in Indian Art. Columbia University Press. 2009. ISBN 9780231512664.
- Dhaky, M.A. Arhat Pārśva and Dharaṇendra Nexus. Bhogilal Leharchand Institute of Indology, Delhi. 1997.
- Doniger, Wendy (编). Encyclopedia of World Religions. Merriam-Webster. 1999. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0.
- Dundas, Paul. The Jains Second. Routledge. 2002 [1992]. ISBN 978-0-415-26605-5.
- Fisher, Mary Pat. Living Religions: An Encyclopedia of the World's Faiths. London: I.B.Tauris. 1997. ISBN 978-1-86064-148-0.
- Ghatage, A.M., Jainism, Majumdar, R.C.; Pusalker, A.D. (编), The Age of Imperial Unity, Bombay, 1951
- Heehs, Peter. Indian Religions: A Historical Reader of Spiritual Expression and Experience. New York University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-8147-3650-0.
- Hoiberg, Dale. Students' Britannica India, Volume 4: Miraj to Shastri. Popular Prakashan. 2000. ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5.
- Jacobi, Hermann. Max Muller (The Sacred Books of the East Series, Volume XXII) , 编. Jaina Sutras (Translation). Motilal Banarsidass (Original: Oxford University Press). 1964.
- Jacobi, Hermann. Müller, F. Max , 编. Kalpa Sutra, Jain Sutras Part I, Sacred Books of the East 22. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 1884.
- Jain, Champat Rai. The Change of Heart. 1939.
- Jain, Kailash Chand. Lord Mahāvīra and His Times. Motilal Banarsidass. 1991. ISBN 978-81-208-0805-8.
- Jaini, Padmanabh S. The Jaina Path of Purification. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 1998 [1979]. ISBN 978-81-208-1578-0.
- Jaini, Padmanabh S. Collected Papers on Buddhist Studies. Motilal Banarsidass. 2001. ISBN 978-81-208-1776-0.
- Jaini, Padmanabh S. (编). Collected Papers On Jaina Studies First. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 2000. ISBN 978-81-208-1691-6.
- Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D., Encyclopedia of Hinduism (PDF), Infobase Publishing, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5
- Kothary, Piyush C. Profile in Silence:: Achieving Dreams Against All Odds. Xlibris. 2015. ISBN 9781514430316.
- Kapoor, Subodh. Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography 1 Second. New Delhi: Cosmo Publication. 2002. ISBN 9788177552980.
- Kuiper, Kathleen. The Culture of India. Understanding India. Britannica Educational Publishing. 2010. ISBN 978-1-61530-203-1.
- Long, Jeffery D. Jainism: An Introduction. I. B. Tauris. 2009. ISBN 978-1-84511-625-5.
- Kenoyer, Jonathan M.; Heuston, Kimberley Burton. The Ancient South Asian World. Oxford University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-19-522243-2.
- Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Hymns from the Dasam Granth. Hemkunt Press. 1993. ISBN 9788170101802.
- Martin, Nancy M.; Runzo, Joseph. Ethics in the World Religions. Oneworld Publications. 2001. ISBN 978-1-85168-247-8.
- Orsini, Francesca; Schofield, Katherine Butler. Tellings and Texts: Music, Literature and Performance in North India. Open Book Publishers. 2015. ISBN 9781783741021.
- Pal, Pratapaditya. Ganesh, the Benevolent. Marg Publications. 1995. ISBN 978-81-85026-31-2.
- Pal, Pratapaditya; Huyler, Stephen P.; Cort, John E. Puja and Piety: Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist Art from the Indian Subcontinent. University of California Press. 2016. ISBN 978-0-520-28847-8.
- Price, Joan. Sacred Scriptures of the World Religions: An Introduction. Bloomsbury Academic. 2010. ISBN 978-0-8264-2354-2.
- Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie. History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE. Brill Publishers. 2007. ISBN 9789004155374 （英语）.
- Rapson, E. J., The Cambridge History of India, Cambridge University Press, 1935
- Reddy, Pedarapu Chenna. Nagabharana: Recent Trends in Jainism Studies. Blue Rose Publishers. 2022. ISBN 978-93-56114-46-3.
- Sangave, Vilas Adinath. Facets of Jainology: Selected Research Papers on Jain Society, Religion, and Culture. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan. 2001. ISBN 978-81-7154-839-2.
- Sarasvati, Swami Dayananda. An English translation of the Satyarth Prakash. Swami Dayananda Sarasvati. 1970.[永久失效連結]
- Schubring, Walther, Jinismus, in: Die Religionen Indiens 3, Stuttgart, 1964
- Shah, Umakant Premanand. Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana: Jaina iconography. Abhinav Publications. 1987. ISBN 978-81-7017-208-6.
- Shah, Natubhai, Jainism: The World of Conquerors 1, Motilal Banarsidass, 2004, ISBN 9788120819382
- Singh, Rana, Banaras: Making of India's Heritage City, Planet Earth & Cultural Understanding, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009, ISBN 9781443815796
- Tandon, O. P. Jaina Shrines in India. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. 1986. ISBN 978-81-230-2454-7 （英语）.
- The Asiatic Society. Proceeding of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Baptist Misson Press. 1892.
- Thomas, Edward Joseph. The Life of Buddha as Legend and History. Dover books on Western philosophy. Dover Publications. 1949 [2025-02-20]. ISBN 978-0-486-41132-3.
- Upadhye, Dr. A. N. Mahāvīra His Times and His philosophy of life. Bharatiya Jnanpith. 2000.
- von Glasenapp, Helmuth. Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation [Der Jainismus: Eine Indische Erlosungsreligion]. Shridhar B. Shrotri (trans.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 1999. ISBN 978-81-208-1376-2.
- Vyas, Dr. R. T. (编). Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects. The Director, Oriental Institute, on behalf of the Registrar, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara. 1995. ISBN 81-7017-316-7.
- Wiley, Kristi L. The A to Z of Jainism 38. Scarecrow Press. 2009 [1949]. ISBN 978-0-8108-6337-8.
- Williams, Paul (编). Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies. Routledge. 2005. ISBN 978-0-415-33226-2.
- Zimmer, Heinrich. Campbell, Joseph , 编. Philosophies Of India. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1953 [April 1952]. ISBN 978-81-208-0739-6.
- Zimmer, Heinrich. Campbell, Joseph , 编. Philosophies Of India. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1969 [1951].
- Suriji, Acharya Kalyanbodhi. Sankhesvara Stotram. Multy Graphics. 2013.
