托马-亚历山大·仲马

托马-亚历山大·仲马·达维·德拉帕耶特里（法語：Thomas-Alexandre Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie，發音：[tɔmɑ alɛksɑ̃dʁ dymɑ davi də la pajət(ə)ʁi]；1762年3月25日—1806年2月26日）是一名法国陆军军官，曾參加過法国大革命战争。

托马-亚历山大·仲马生于法属圣多明戈，父亲是法国贵族，母亲是非洲裔黑奴。由于母亲身份的緣故，所以他生来就是奴隶，但他的父亲于1776年将他带到法国并让他接受教育。自1315年以来，奴隶制在法国本土一直是非法的，因此任何奴隶只要身处法国，就等于獲得了自由身。^[1]在他的父亲帮助下，1786年，他加入法国军队。

31岁时，他已成為法国的一個軍團的总司令，這個軍團的士兵數量達到了53,000人。1794年，托马-亚历山大·仲马成功打通了阿尔卑斯山的山口^[2]。

法國入侵埃及與敘利亞期間，他也跟隨法軍在戰場上作戰。在从亚历山大前往开罗的途中，他与拿破仑一世发生了言语冲突。1799年3月，仲马乘坐一艘破损的船只离开埃及，船只最後在那不勒斯王国搁浅，他被俘并被关进地牢。1801年获释后返回法国，法國作家大仲马是他的兒子^[3]。

参考文献

^ Compare: Christopher L. Miller, The French Atlantic triangle: literature and culture of the slave trade. Duke University Press, 2008. p.20 ISBN 978-0-8223-8883-8- "But the moral and legal context in France was complex. Conditions of slavery and servitude were offset by what Sue Peabody calls the Freedom Principle: the notion, supported by a decree of Louis X in 1315, that 'France' signifies freedom and that any slave setting foot on what we now call the hexagon should be freed. There was a tradition of freeing slaves, and it remained influential, if often undercut, during the time of the Atlantic slave trade."
^ Report by Dumas's aide-de-camp Dermoncourt, quoted in Alexandre Dumas, père, Mes mémoires, v. 1 (Paris, 1881), 110
^ Reiss (2012), The Black Count, pp. 12–14. See also Gilles Henry, Les Dumas: Le secret de Monte Cristo (Paris: France-Empire, 1999). A. Craig Bell argues for Porthos in Alexandre Dumas: A Biography and Study (London: Cassell and Co., 1950), 7.

[1] Compare: Christopher L. Miller, The French Atlantic triangle: literature and culture of the slave trade. Duke University Press, 2008. p.20 ISBN 978-0-8223-8883-8- "But the moral and legal context in France was complex. Conditions of slavery and servitude were offset by what Sue Peabody calls the Freedom Principle: the notion, supported by a decree of Louis X in 1315, that 'France' signifies freedom and that any slave setting foot on what we now call the hexagon should be freed. There was a tradition of freeing slaves, and it remained influential, if often undercut, during the time of the Atlantic slave trade."

[2] Report by Dumas's aide-de-camp Dermoncourt, quoted in Alexandre Dumas, père, Mes mémoires, v. 1 (Paris, 1881), 110

[3] Reiss (2012), The Black Count, pp. 12–14. See also Gilles Henry, Les Dumas: Le secret de Monte Cristo (Paris: France-Empire, 1999). A. Craig Bell argues for Porthos in Alexandre Dumas: A Biography and Study (London: Cassell and Co., 1950), 7.

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