抗炎
（重定向自抗炎性）
抗炎（anti-inflammatory），药物学又称消炎，是能减少或消除身体炎症过程的特性或作用，含盖某物質、某药物或某治療能减少炎症的特性。
抗炎药[1]（anti-inflammatory drug）或消炎藥[2]，是用于治疗组织炎症反应的药物[3]，包括甾体抗炎药和非甾体抗炎药[4]两类。约占止痛药的一半。消炎藥以消炎作用来减少疼痛，與阿片類藥物不同，後者影響中樞神經系統以阻斷疼痛訊號傳達到大腦。
抗炎细胞因子（anti-inflammatory cytokine）则是具有抑制炎症反应的某些细胞因子，在控制炎症反应和免疫应答中发挥重要作用。
抗炎药种类
[编辑]- 类固醇，尤其是肾上腺皮质激素，可结合皮质醇来减少炎症，这类药物通常称为皮质类固醇类消炎药。但它们也是强效的免疫抑制剂，并且与各种毒性有关，这限制了它们的使用[5][6]。
- 非甾体抗炎药（非類固醇消炎止痛藥）：可中和环加氧酶（cyclooxygenase, COX）来减轻疼痛，因为环加氧酶可以促进前列腺素的生成进而引发炎症。这类非类固醇类消炎药通过阻止前列腺素的生成来减轻或消除疼痛。
- 血清素能致幻剂：多种血清素能致幻剂作为5-HT2A受体激动剂，被发现具有强效的抗炎和免疫调节作用[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]。虽然一些致幻剂具有抗炎作用，但许多致幻剂也是有效的5-HT2B受体激动剂[14]。长期反复使用这些药物会导致心脏纤维化和心脏瓣膜病[15][16][17][18][19]，即使微量服用也可能出现这种情况[15][16][17]。
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ 抗炎药. 术语在线. 全国科学技术名词审定委员会. （简体中文）
- ^ 消炎藥. 樂詞網. 國家教育研究院 （中文（臺灣））.
- ^ 王博. 药物学基础. 重庆大学电子音像出版社. 2021: 142. ISBN 9787568928205.
- ^ 黄世杰. 非甾体类抗炎药在超前镇痛中的作用. 国际药学研究杂志. 2004, 31 (4): 228-230. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0440.2004.04.011.
- ^ Ingawale, Deepa K.; Mandlik, Satish K. New insights into the novel anti-inflammatory mode of action of glucocorticoids. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology. 2020-03-03, 42 (2): 59-73 [2026-08-09]. ISSN 0892-3973. doi:10.1080/08923973.2020.1728765 （英语）.
- ^ Escoter-Torres, Laura; Caratti, Giorgio; Mechtidou, Aikaterini; Tuckermann, Jan; Uhlenhaut, Nina Henriette; Vettorazzi, Sabine. Fighting the Fire: Mechanisms of Inflammatory Gene Regulation by the Glucocorticoid Receptor. Frontiers in Immunology. 2019-08-07, 10: 1859 [2026-08-09]. ISSN 1664-3224. PMC 6693390
. PMID 31440248. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01859.
- ^ Nichols, De; Johnson, Mw; Nichols, Cd. Psychedelics as Medicines: An Emerging New Paradigm. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2017-02, 101 (2): 209-219 [2026-08-09]. ISSN 0009-9236. doi:10.1002/cpt.557 （英语）.
- ^ Flanagan, Thomas W.; Nichols, Charles D., Barrett, Frederick S.; Preller, Katrin H. , 编, Psychedelics and Anti-inflammatory Activity in Animal Models 56, Springer International Publishing: 229–245, 2022 [2026-08-09], ISBN 978-3-031-12183-8, doi:10.1007/7854_2022_367 （英语）
- ^ Nichols, Charles D. Psychedelics as potent anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Neuropharmacology. 2022-11-15, 219: 109232 [2026-08-09]. ISSN 0028-3908. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109232.
- ^ Flanagan, Thomas W.; Nichols, Charles D. Psychedelics as anti-inflammatory agents. International Review of Psychiatry. 2018-07-04, 30 (4): 363-375 [2026-08-09]. ISSN 0954-0261. doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1481827 （英语）.
- ^ Thompson, Caitlin; Szabo, Attila. Psychedelics as a novel approach to treating autoimmune conditions. Immunology Letters. 2020-12-01, 228: 45-54 [2026-08-09]. ISSN 0165-2478. doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2020.10.001.
- ^ Low, Zhen Xuen Brandon; Ng, Wei Shen; Lim, Eugene Sheng Yao; Goh, Bey Hing; Kumari, Yatinesh. The immunomodulatory effects of classical psychedelics: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2025-01-10, 136: 111139 [2026-08-09]. ISSN 0278-5846. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111139.
- ^ Flanagan, Thomas W.; Billac, Gerald B.; Landry, Alexus N.; Sebastian, Melaine N.; Cormier, Stephania A.; Nichols, Charles D. Structure–Activity Relationship Analysis of Psychedelics in a Rat Model of Asthma Reveals the Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacophore. ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science. 2021-04-09, 4 (2): 488-502 [2026-08-09]. ISSN 2575-9108. PMC 8033619 . PMID 33860179. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00063 （英语）.
- ^ Luethi, Dino; Liechti, Matthias E., Maroteaux, Luc; Monassier, Laurent , 编, Drugs of Abuse Affecting 5-HT2B Receptors 35, Springer International Publishing: 277–289, 2021 [2026-08-09], ISBN 978-3-030-55919-9, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55920-5_16 （英语）
- ^ 15.0 15.1 Tagen, Michael; Mantuani, Daniel; van Heerden, Liron; Holstein, Alex; Klumpers, Linda E.; Knowles, Richard. The risk of chronic psychedelic and MDMA microdosing for valvular heart disease. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2023-09, 37 (9): 876-890 [2026-08-09]. ISSN 0269-8811. doi:10.1177/02698811231190865 （英语）.
- ^ 16.0 16.1 Rouaud, Antonin; Calder, Abigail E.; Hasler, Gregor. Microdosing psychedelics and the risk of cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy: Comparison to known cardiotoxins. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2024-03, 38 (3): 217-224 [2026-08-09]. ISSN 0269-8811. PMC 10944580 . PMID 38214279. doi:10.1177/02698811231225609 （英语）.
- ^ 17.0 17.1 Nahlawi, Acile; Ptaszek, Leon M.; Ruskin, Jeremy N. Cardiovascular effects and safety of classic psychedelics. Nature Cardiovascular Research. 2025-02-05, 4 (2): 131-144 [2026-08-09]. ISSN 2731-0590. doi:10.1038/s44161-025-00608-2 （英语）.
- ^ Wsół, Agnieszka. Cardiovascular safety of psychedelic medicine: current status and future directions. Pharmacological Reports. 2023-12, 75 (6): 1362-1380 [2026-08-09]. ISSN 1734-1140. PMC 10661823 . PMID 37874530. doi:10.1007/s43440-023-00539-4 （英语）.
- ^ McIntyre, Roger S. Serotonin 5-HT 2B receptor agonism and valvular heart disease: implications for the development of psilocybin and related agents. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety. 2023-10-03, 22 (10): 881-883 [2026-08-09]. ISSN 1474-0338. doi:10.1080/14740338.2023.2248883 （英语）.
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