沙蝰
科学分类
界:
动物界 Animalia
门:
脊索动物门 Chordata
纲:
爬行綱 Reptilia
目:
有鳞目 Squamata
亚目:
蛇亚目 Serpentes
科:
蝰科 Viperidae
属:
蝰属 Vipera
种:
沙蝰 V. ammodytes
二名法
Vipera ammodytes
異名 [2]
Coluber Ammodytes Linnaeus, 1758
Vipera Illyrica Laurenti , 1768
Vipera ammodytes — Sonnini & Latreille , 1801
[Vipera (Echidna )] Ammodytes — Merrem , 1820
Cobra ammodytes — Fitzinger , 1826
[Pelias ] Col [uber ]. ammodytes — F. Boie , 1827
Vipera (Rhinechis ) Ammodytes — Fitzinger, 1843
V [ipera ]. (Vipera ) ammodytes — Jan , 1863
Vipera ammodytes — Eber, 1863
Vipera ammodytes — Boulenger , 1896
[Vipera ammodytes ] var. steindachneri F. Werner , 1897
Vipera ammodytes [ammodytes ] — Boulenger, 1903
Vipera ammodytes ammodytes — Zarevsky, 1915
Teleovipera ammodytes — A.F. Reuss, 1927
Vipera ammodytes ammodytes — Mertens & L. Müller , 1928
Rhinaspis illyrica litoralis A.F. Reuss, 1935
Rhinaspis illyrica velebitensis A.F. Reuss, 1935
Rhinaspis illyrica f[orma]. melanura A.F. Reuss, 1937
Vipera ammodytes ruffoi Bruno, 1968
Vipera (Rhinaspis ) ammodytes ammodytes — Obst , 1983
Vipera ammodytes — Golay et al., 1993
沙蝰 (学名:Vipera ammodytes )是蝰属 的一种毒蛇 [3] ,分布于南欧和巴尔干半岛、中东地区。它是欧洲最危险的一种毒蛇 [4] 。其种加词来自希腊语,意思是“沙”(ammos)、“穴居者”(dutes),但实际上它更偏好生活在岩石间,而非沙地中[5] 。
它有五个亚种[6] ,此外一些文献还包含有亚种V. a. ruffoi (Bruno, 1968;分布于意大利阿尔卑斯山区),但大多数学者认为它和V. a. gregorwalineri 是V. a. ammodytes 的异名。V. a. transcaucasiana 有时也被视为一个单独的种。[4]
全长可达95 cm(37.5英寸),但一般不超过85 cm(33.5英寸),而且其北方个体明显比南方个体要大。其平均长度在50-70 cm(19.5-27.5英寸)之间。[7]
参考文献 [ 编辑 ]
^ Aram Agasyan; Aziz Avci; Boris Tuniyev; Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic; Petros Lymberakis; Claes Andrén; Dan Cogalniceanu; John Wilkinson; Natalia Ananjeva; Nazan Üzüm; et al. Vipera ammodytes . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN ). 2009, 2009 : e.T62255A12584303. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T62255A12584303.en .
^ McDiarmid, R.W., Campbell, J.A. , Touré, T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1 . Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
^ Street, D. 1979. The Reptiles of Northern and Central Europe . London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. 268 pp. ISBN 0-7134-1374-3 .
^ 4.0 4.1 Mallow, D., Ludwig, D., Nilson, G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers . Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2 .
^ Gotch, A.F. 1986. Reptiles – Their Latin Names Explained . Poole, UK: Blandford Press. 176 pp. ISBN 0-7137-1704-1 .
^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) . ITIS . [26 July 2006] .
^ Strugariu, A. 2006. The European Horn-Nosed Viper 互联网档案馆 的存檔 ,存档日期14 October 2013.. VenomousReptiles.org.
外部链接 [ 编辑 ]