壯傣語支
(重定向自泰語支)
壮傣语支 | |
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地理分佈 | 华南地区(廣西、貴州、雲南及廣東)、東南亞 |
谱系学分类 | 壯侗語系
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分支 |
其餘南方壯語與傣泰語言等
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语言代码 | |
ISO 639-2 / 5 | tai |
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壯傣語支(又称傣语支、台语支、壮泰语支、泰语支、壮台语支)是壯侗語系侗台語族中的一个語支,即汉藏语系传统分类中壮侗语族壮傣语支的语言。包括壮语、布依语、傣语(在中國境內)、泰语、老挝语、掸语、岱依语、侬语、坎底语、阿豪姆语(均不在中國境內)等。说台語的民族统称台語民族。
方言分類[编辑]
自李方桂先生起的研究完善了壯傣語支的傳統分類模式,很多早期的分類在一定程度上受方言學影響,不一定嚴格符合當代比較語言學識別出的共同創新,但能較好地反應方言間的差異程度。以下是臨高-壯傣語群的完整列表,另請參見壯語條目和傣語條目來獲得更細緻的方言學分類。
- 临高语(Ong Be)(onb)(中国)
- 北部台语支
- 石语(Saek/傣石)(skb)(老挝、泰国)
- 尧依语(Yoy/傣幼)(yoy) (泰国、老挝)
- 行彤傣語(thc)(老挝、泰国、越南、柬埔寨)
- 布依语 (Bou Yai/布依)(pcc) (中国、越南)
- 桂北壮语(Bou Yai/布依)(zgb)(中国)
- 桂边壮语(Bou Yai/布依)(zgn)(中国)
- 邱北壮语(Bou Yai/布依)(zqe)(中国)
- 右江壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zyj)(中国)
- 邕北壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zyb)(中国)
- 中红水河壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zch)(中国)
- 东红水河壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zeh)(中国)
- 柳江壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zlj)(中国)
- 柳黔壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zlq)(中国)
- 连山壮语(Bou Cueng/布壮)(zln)(中国)
- 西南部台语支
死语。
譜系[编辑]
以下分類是張高峰(泰语:พิทยาวัฒน์ พิทยาภรณ์,轉寫:Bidayaːwȃḍhan̶a̶ Bidayaːbharaṇ̶a̶,派汶拼音:Pít-tá-yaa-wát Pít-tá-yaa-pɔɔn)在其2009年博士論文中基於比較語言學共同創新給出的分類,排除考慮區域特徵影響,不代表各個口語的實際相似度。張高峰將李方桂的壯傣語中支以及邕南壯語和左江壯語區分開來,並通過計算認為其爲多系群。邕北壯語、壯語北部方言或壯傣語北支在除去過度方言武鳴壯語(卽標準壯語)後仍爲單系群。[1]
壯傣語 (張高峰 田野調查) |
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艾杰瑞(英語:Jerold Alan Edmondson)2013年的譜系中則給出了更貼近方言學的比較語言學結果,寧明左江壯語被重新歸入中支中的壯語南部方言主體。
壯傣語 |
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語言比較[编辑]
音變[编辑]
詞彙比較[编辑]
詞彙 | 泰语 | 老挝语 | 蘭納语 | 伊善语 | 掸语 | 傣仂语 | 壮语 |
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风 | /lom/ | /lóm/ | /lom/ | /lom/ | /lom4/ | /lom/ | /lɔm2/ |
城 | /mɯaŋ/ | /mɯaŋ/ | /mɯaŋ/ | /mɯaŋ/ | /mɤŋ4/ | /mœŋ/ | /mɯ:ŋ2/ |
陆 | /din/ | /din/ | /din/ | /din/ | /lǐn1/ | /din/ | /ʔdin1-2/ |
火 | /fai/ | /fái/ | /fai/ | /fai/ | /pʰaj4/ or /fai4/ | /fai/ | /fɐj2/ |
心脏 | /hŭa tɕai/ | /hǔa cài/ | /hua tɕai/ | /hua tɕai/ | /ho1 tsaɯ1/ | /hua tɕai/ | /tsɐɯ1/ |
爱 | /rák/ | /hāk/ | /hag/ | /hag/ | /hak5/ | /hag/ | /ʔdi:p6/ |
水 | /náːm/ | /nȃm/ | /nam/ | /nam/ | /nam5/ | /nam/ | /nɐm4/ |
腳註[编辑]
- ^ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat. 2009. The Phonology of Proto-Tai. PhD dissertation. Department of Linguistics, Cornell University.
參考文獻[编辑]
- Ostapirat W (2000). "Proto-Kra." In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 23(1).
延伸閱讀[编辑]
- Brown, J. Marvin. From Ancient Thai to Modern Dialects. Bangkok: Social Science Association Press of Thailand, 1965.
- Chamberlain, James R. A New Look at the Classification of the Tai Languages. [s.l: s.n, 1972.
- Conference on Tai Phonetics and Phonology, Jimmy G. Harris, and Richard B. Noss. Tai Phonetics and Phonology. [Bangkok: Central Institute of English Language, Office of State Universities, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 1972.
- Diffloth, Gérard. An Appraisal of Benedict's Views on Austroasiatic and Austro-Thai Relations. Kyoto: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, 1976.
- Đoàn, Thiện Thuật. Tay-Nung Language in the North Vietnam. [Tokyo?]: Instttute [sic] for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 1996.
- Gedney, William J. On the Thai Evidence for Austro-Thai. [S.l: s.n, 1976.
- Gedney, William J., and Robert J. Bickner. Selected Papers on Comparative Tai Studies. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 29. Ann Arbor, Mich., USA: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1989. ISBN 0-89148-037-4
- Gedney, William J., Carol J. Compton, and John F. Hartmann. Papers on Tai Languages, Linguistics, and Literatures: In Honor of William J. Gedney on His 77th Birthday. Monograph series on Southeast Asia. [De Kalb]: Northern Illinois University, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, 1992. ISBN 1-877979-16-3
- Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. (1995). William J. Gedney's central Tai dialects: glossaries, texts, and translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 43. Ann Arbor, Mich: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan ISBN 0-89148-075-7
- Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. William J. Gedney's the Yay Language: Glossary, Texts, and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 38. Ann Arbor, Mich: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1991. ISBN 0-89148-066-8
- Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. William J. Gedney's Southwestern Tai Dialects: Glossaries, Texts and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 42. [Ann Arbor, Mich.]: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1994. ISBN 0-89148-074-9
- Hudak, Thomas John. William J. Gedney's The Tai Dialect of Lungming: Glossary, Texts, and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 39. [Ann Arbor]: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1991. ISBN 0-89148-067-6
- Li, Fang-kuei. 1977. Handbook of Comparative Tai. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawai’i Press.
- Li, Fang-kuei. The Tai Dialect of Lungchow; Texts, Translations, and Glossary. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1940.
- Østmoe, Arne. A Germanic-Tai Linguistic Puzzle. Sino-Platonic papers, no. 64. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Dept. of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Pennsylvania, 1995.
- Sathāban Sūn Phāsā Qangkrit. Bibliography of Tai Language Studies. [Bangkok]: Indigenous Languages of Thailand Research Project, Central Institute of English Language, Office of State Universities, 1977.
- Shorto, H. L. Bibliographies of Mon–Khmer and Tai Linguistics. London oriental bibliographies, v. 2. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
- Tingsabadh, Kalaya and Arthur S. Abramson. Essays in Tai Linguistics. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press, 2001. ISBN 974-347-222-3
外部連結[编辑]
- SEAlang Library (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Comparative Tai–Kadai Swadesh vocabulary lists (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆))
- ABVD: Proto-Tai word list
- ABVD: Proto-Southwestern Tai word list
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