清齒齦擦音
（重定向自清齿龈有咝擦音）
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清齒齦擦音（voiceless alveolar fricative）是輔音的一種。和此音對應的國際音標符號會因為此音是否有噝音還是無噝音而有所改變：
- 齒齦有噝音的符號是⟨s⟩，X-SAMPA的符號則是⟨s⟩。如果要表示齒位有噝音和齒齦後有噝音，則要加上變音符號，分別變成[s̪]和[s̠]。
- 齒齦無噝擦音的符號是在現有符號加上變音符號，成[θ̠]或[ɹ̝̊]；又或者以國際音標延伸符號的標準，標成[θ͇]。
| 舌尖擦音 | 齒音 | 齒齦音 | 齒齦後音 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 有噝音 | s̪ | s͇ | s̠, ʂ, ʃ |
| 無噝擦音 | θ | θ̠, θ͇, ɹ̝̊ | ɻ̝̊ |
清齒齦有噝擦音[编辑]
| 清齒齦有噝擦音 | |
|---|---|
| s | |
| IPA編號 | 132 |
| 編碼 | |
| Unicode碼（十六進制） | U+Khdbdj |
| X-SAMPA音標 |
s |
| ASCII音標 |
s |
| IPA盲文 |
 |
|
decimal1=Khdbdj is not numeric | |
| 音頻範例 | |
|
| |
特徵[编辑]
清齒齦有噝音的特徵：
- 調音部位是齒齦，即舌尖抵住上齒齦脊調音。
- 發聲類型是清音，意味着發音時聲帶並不顫動。
- 本輔音是口腔輔音（口音），表示調音時空氣只從口裡流出。
- 本輔音為中央輔音，調音時氣流在口腔的中央流過舌面，而不從兩側流過。
- 氣流特點是經由肺與橫膈膜流出，而非從口腔或喉門流出。
該音見於漢語[编辑]
现代标准汉语（标准官话）中有此音，拼音時以s表示，出現在字音開首。
吳語中有此音，拼音時以s表示，出現在字音開首。因其无清化濁聲母，以牙音心生書子母作據。
粵語，客家語，閩語中均有此音，拼音時以s表示，出現在字音開首。基本清化，以牙音心生書邪俟船子母作據。
該音見於英語[编辑]
英語中以字母c或s表示此音。字母s大多數都是表示此音（或濁齒齦擦音），除了極少數外來語中不發音，如從法語借過來的rendezvous，而字母c同時可以表示清軟顎塞音[k]，一般來說，c在字母a、o、u或子音前讀[k]；在e、i、y前讀[s]。留意當有塞音在[s]後，如/p/、/t/、/k/，該塞音將不會送氣。
清齒齦無噝擦音[编辑]
| 清齒齦無噝擦音 | |
|---|---|
| θ̠ | |
| θ͇ | |
| ɹ̝̊ | |
| t̞ | |
| IPA編號 | 130 414 |
| 編碼 | |
| HTML碼（十進制） |
θ̱ |
| Unicode碼（十六進制） | U+03B8 U+0331 |
| 音頻範例 | |
|
| |
清齒齦無噝擦音的特徵和上述的一樣，除了：
- 發音方法是無噝擦音，即是將氣流限制在位於發音部位的狹窄通道通過，造成較低頻率的湍流。
該音見於英語[编辑]
此音在英語較罕見，在某些口音中作為清齒齦塞音[t]的同位音，例如愛爾蘭口音和英國北方的利物浦和附近地區的口音中。
該音見於冰島語[编辑]
此音以冰島語字母 þ (thorn)標示。Þ 只出現在字的第一個字母，而濁齒齦無噝擦音[ð] 會在其他地方出現。(古英語中þ 和 ð(eth)此兩個字母都可以標示清齒擦音和濁齒擦音，兩音分佈沒有一定規律；現代英語則用「th」代替這兩個字母。) 冰島語中[θ̠]是舌尖後的扁平面發音，而[ð̠]則以舌尖發音。
例：冰島語 þakið [θ̠akið̠]「屋頂」。
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另請參見[编辑]
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