爱德华·科尔斯顿

爱德华·科尔斯顿
Edward Colston
爱德华·科尔斯顿; Edward Colston
	喬納森·理查德森（英语：Jonathan Richardson）所繪製的爱德华·科尔斯顿肖像
布里斯托爾選區（英语：Bristol (UK Parliament constituency)）國會議員
	任期; 1710年（英语：1710 British general election）—1713年（英语：1713 British general election）
个人资料
出生	1636年11月2日; 英格蘭布里斯托尔
逝世	1721年10月11日（84歲）; 英格蘭薩里郡摩特雷克
政党	托利党
职业	商人

爱德华·科尔斯顿（英語：Edward Colston，1636年11月2日—1721年10月11日）是一名英国商人、奴隶贩子、慈善家和保守党议员^[1]^[2]^[3]^:7-10。

科尔斯顿出生于布里斯托的商人家庭，後來其在伦敦建立了一家外贸企业，並在西班牙、葡萄牙和其他欧洲港口从事葡萄酒、水果和布料的贸易。1680年，科尔斯顿加入從事英國與非洲西海岸的黄金、象牙和奴隶贸易的皇家非洲公司，並於1689年至1690年擔任該公司的負責人^[3]^[4]^[5]。

科尔斯顿離開皇家非洲公司後，开始進行放贷生意，并從事慈善活動，曾向布里斯托和伦敦的学校及医院捐款。他還擔任過布里斯托選區的保守黨國會議員。科尔斯顿臨終前，又将遗产赠予慈善机构^[6]。

科尔斯顿去世後，布里斯托不少学校、音乐厅、写字楼和街道等皆以科尔斯顿名字命名。1895年，一座5.5米高的科爾斯頓青銅雕像（英语：Statue of Edward Colston）在布里斯托科尔斯顿大道上落成^[7]。

2020年5月26日，美国引发的乔治·弗洛伊德之死引发的示威活动之后，示威活动蔓延至欧洲地区，引发拆除历史争议人物雕像浪潮。科尔斯雕像被示威者拖到布里斯托港河中丢弃，之后英国当局将其打捞上来安置在博物馆。

参考文献[编辑]

^ Ball, Roger. Myths within myths…Edward Colston and that statue. Bristol Radical History Group. 2018-10-14 [2020-06-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-07）.
^ Cork, Tristan. The wording of second plaque proposed for Edward Colston statue linking him to 20,000 deaths. Bristol Live. Reach plc. 22 July 2018 [8 June 2020]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-30）. Bristolians who did not subscribe to his religious and political beliefs were not permitted to benefit from his charities
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Morgan, Kenneth. Edward Colston and Bristol (PDF). Bristol: Bristol Branch of the Historical Association. 1999: 3. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于8 June 2020）.
^ Hayton, David. Colston, Edward II. The History of Parliament. 劍橋大學出版社. April 2006 [11 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-12）.
^ Dresser, Madge. Squares of distinction, webs of interest: Gentility, urban development and the slave trade in Bristol c.1673–1820. Slavery & Abolition a Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies (Routledge). 2000, 21 (3): 22. ISSN 1743-9523. doi:10.1080/01440390008575319. （原始内容存档于10 July 2011）. Some subsequent scholars have preferred to stress [...] his other commercial involvements -- in fruit and wines and cloth, and in West Indian sugar. Nevertheless, it is this last commercial interest which confirms that a significant part of his wealth was derived from the labour of slaves.
^ 聯合報. 趁亂的歷史正義？英國BLM抗爭推倒的「黑奴巨商銅像」. （原始内容存档于2020-06-09）.
^ 界面新聞. 奴隶贩铜像被扔进河里：当年英国为何掺和非洲奴隶贸易？. （原始内容存档于2020-06-13）.

[BallColstonMyth-1] Ball, Roger. Myths within myths…Edward Colston and that statue. Bristol Radical History Group. 2018-10-14 [2020-06-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-07）.

[CorkSecondPlaque-2] Cork, Tristan. The wording of second plaque proposed for Edward Colston statue linking him to 20,000 deaths. Bristol Live. Reach plc. 22 July 2018 [8 June 2020]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-30）. Bristolians who did not subscribe to his religious and political beliefs were not permitted to benefit from his charities

[EC_morgan-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Morgan, Kenneth. Edward Colston and Bristol (PDF). Bristol: Bristol Branch of the Historical Association. 1999: 3. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于8 June 2020）.

[hayton-4] Hayton, David. Colston, Edward II. The History of Parliament. 劍橋大學出版社. April 2006 [11 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-12）.

[dresser-5] Dresser, Madge. Squares of distinction, webs of interest: Gentility, urban development and the slave trade in Bristol c.1673–1820. Slavery & Abolition a Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies (Routledge). 2000, 21 (3): 22. ISSN 1743-9523. doi:10.1080/01440390008575319. （原始内容存档于10 July 2011）. Some subsequent scholars have preferred to stress [...] his other commercial involvements -- in fruit and wines and cloth, and in West Indian sugar. Nevertheless, it is this last commercial interest which confirms that a significant part of his wealth was derived from the labour of slaves.

[6] 聯合報. 趁亂的歷史正義？英國BLM抗爭推倒的「黑奴巨商銅像」. （原始内容存档于2020-06-09）.

[7] 界面新聞. 奴隶贩铜像被扔进河里：当年英国为何掺和非洲奴隶贸易？. （原始内容存档于2020-06-13）.

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