猪笼草属物种列表
猪笼草属物种列表列出了所有已知的猪笼草属(Nepenthes)物种。其包括179个公认的现存物种,2个未完全描述的类群及3个杂交种。3种已灭绝的物种也包含于其内。
其IUCN保护状况来源于《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》。[1]除另有注释外,其分类及其他信息都来源于斯图尔特·麦克弗森2009年的专著《旧大陆的猪笼草》。[2]值得注意的是,《旧大陆的猪笼草》之后的文献给出的海拔分布范围与其存在一定差异。
物种分布范围包含了所有主要的岛屿,周围小型岛屿列于“小岛屿”项下,但并不完全。一些较大型的岛屿,如菲律宾群岛,其括号内即显示该物种原生的个别岛屿。
命名者缩略名使用国际植物名称索引指定的缩写。[3]发表年份为该名称正式发表的年份,而非早期基本异名发表的年份。
物种[编辑]
未完全描述的类群[编辑]
未完全描述的类群即是未给出详细形态特征描述的类群,根据植物命名规则,其是非正式。以下未完全描述的类群来源于《旧大陆的猪笼草》和《新猪笼草》。[2][59]
中文名 | 学名 | 图 | 分布 | 海拔分布 |
---|---|---|---|---|
阿尼帕汉山猪笼草 | N. sp. Anipahan[103] | 菲律宾(巴拉望岛)[103] | 1200至1400米[103] | |
米苏尔岛猪笼草 | N. sp. Misool | ![]() |
拉賈安帕特群島(米苏尔岛) | 0至30米 |
杂交种[编辑]
马修·杰布和马丁·奇克在其1997年的专著《猪笼草属(猪笼草科)的框架性修订》和2001年的专著《猪笼草科》中确认了3个杂交种。这三个类群通常被视为自然杂交种,而不是物种。[2][28][21][29]其中,因基纳巴卢山猪笼草自我维持的种群独立于其假定的亲本,所以将其提升为物种的观点最为强烈。[28][104]朱马特·哈吉·亚当和克里斯托弗·C·威尔科克在1998年的文章中即主张将基纳巴卢山猪笼草视为独立物种。[105]
中文名 | 学名 | 亲本 | 命名者 | 发表年份 | 图 | 分布 | 海拔分布 | IUCN保护状况 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
虎克猪笼草 | N. × hookeriana | N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana | Hort.Veitch ex Mast. | 1881年 | ![]() |
婆罗洲,马来西亚半岛,新加坡,苏门答腊[45] | 0至450米[9] | 无危[23] |
基纳巴卢山猪笼草 | N. × kinabaluensis | N. rajah × N. villosa | Sh.Kurata ex Sh.Kurata | 1984年 | 婆罗洲[45] | 2420至3030米[45] | 濒危[23] | |
毛果猪笼草 | N. × trichocarpa | N. ampullaria × N. gracilis | Miq. | 1858米 | ![]() |
婆罗洲,马来西亚半岛,新加坡,苏门答腊[45],泰国[94] | 0至800米[28] | 无危[23] |
已灭绝物种[编辑]
最初被归入茅膏菜石属(Droseridites)的部分花粉化石被数位学者初步放置于猪笼草属内。[106][107][108]以下三个物种于1985年由维尔弗雷德(Wilfried Krutzsch)归入猪笼草属。[106]
中文名 | 学名 | 命名人 | 发表年份 | 发现地点 | 时代 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
棘皮猪笼草 | N. echinatus | (Hunger) Krutzsch | 1985年 | 欧洲 | 古新世 |
棘孢猪笼草 | N. echinosporus | (R.Potonié) Krutzsch | 1985年 | 欧洲 | 古新世 |
大型猪笼草 | N. major | (Krutzsch) Krutzsch | 1985年 | 欧洲 | 古新世 |
大茅膏菜石(D. major)和小茅膏菜石(D. parvus)被部分学者认为是Nepenthidites laitryngewensis的同物异名。[109][110]
产自凯尔盖朗群岛的花粉化石最初被描述为刺茅膏菜石(D. spinosus),之后也被认为属于猪笼草属。[111]
注释[编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 在马丁·奇克与马修·杰布(2013)划分的较窄的分布区域中,翼状猪笼草仅分布于吕宋岛北部,而之前被归于该物种且分布于南部的类群则被归入小花猪笼草、内格罗斯岛猪笼草及拉莫斯猪笼草。[8]该翼状猪笼草则仅分布于海拔500米以上的地区。[8]
- ^ 朱马特·哈吉·亚当、克里斯托弗·C·威尔科克和M·D·斯温(M. D. Swaine)在1992年给出的白环猪笼草的海拔分布上限为1200米。[9]
- ^ 朱马特·哈吉·亚当、克里斯托弗·C·威尔科克和M·D·斯温在1992年列举产于文莱的二齿猪笼草所处海拔为1600米。[9]
- ^ 马丁·奇克和马修·杰布在2001年给出的博世猪笼草的海拔分布范围为海拔780至1880米[28],而查尔斯·克拉克在1997年给出的分布范围为海拔900至1880米[29]。
- ^ 马丁·奇克和马修·杰布在2001年给出的豹斑猪笼草的海拔分布上限为2250米[28],而朱马特·哈吉·亚当、克里斯托弗·C·威尔科克和M·D·斯温在1992年给出的分布范围为海拔1100至2300米[9]。
- ^ 马丁·奇克和马修·杰布在2001年和查尔斯·克拉克在1997年给出的爱德华猪笼草的海拔分布下限为1500米。[28][9][29]
- ^ 马丁·奇克和马修·杰布在2001年和查尔斯·克拉克在1997年给出的鞍型猪笼草的海拔分布下限为1000米。[28]1982年至1983年,该物种被采集于海拔2000至2270米处。[9][40]
- ^ 朱马特·哈吉·亚当、克里斯托弗·C·威尔科克和M·D·斯温在1992年给出的小猪笼草的海拔分布上限为1700米。[9]
- ^ 朱马特·哈吉·亚当、克里斯托弗·C·威尔科克和M·D·斯温在1992年给出的刚毛猪笼草的海拔分布范围为海拔150至1500米[9],而曼苏尔与布里尔利在2008年报道其存在于海拔低至160米处[55]。
- ^ 马丁·奇克和马修·杰布在2001年给出的小猪笼草的海拔分布下限为1600米[28],而朱马特·哈吉·亚当、克里斯托弗·C·威尔科克和M·D·斯温在1992年给出的海拔分布范围为海拔900至3400米。[9]
- ^ 马修·杰布和马丁·奇克1997年给出的大叶猪笼草的2000米海拔分布下限[66],被认为是错误的。[2][67]
- ^ 朱马特·哈吉·亚当、克里斯托弗·C·威尔科克和M·D·斯温在1992年给出的大型平庸猪笼草的海拔分布下限为250米。[9]
- ^ 朱马特·哈吉·亚当、克里斯托弗·C·威尔科克和M·D·斯温在1992年给出的莱佛士猪笼草的海拔分布上限为1500米。[9]
- ^ 罗伯特·坎特利等人在2005年给出的辛布亚岛猪笼草的海拔分布范围为海拔1200至1800米[91],而描述作者给出的分布范围为海拔1500至1800米[92]。
- ^ 曼苏尔和布里尔利于2008年报道窄叶猪笼草存在于海拔400米处。[55]
- ^ 苏里高猪笼草描述作者阿道夫·丹尼尔·爱德华·埃尔默给出的海拔分布上限为1750米(原为5750公尺)。[97]
- ^ 马修·杰布和马丁·奇克在2001年给出的多巴猪笼草的海拔分布上限为2750米。[28]
- ^ 马修·杰布和马丁·奇克在2001年给出的特勒布猪笼草的海拔分布上限为500米。[28]
- ^ 该400米的海拔上线是不准确的,因为其根据的是一份带有谷歌地球给出的“不准确坐标来源”的标本。[100]
- ^ 长毛猪笼草通常生长于海拔2300至3240米处,但在坦布幼昆山,其海拔分布范围为1600至1900米。[2]朱马特·哈吉·亚当、克里斯托弗·C·威尔科克和M·D·斯温在1992年给出的海拔分布上限为3400米。[9]
参考文献[编辑]
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