玻色子

註釋

1. ^ 在所有穩定核之中，大約152/255 ~ 60%的質量數為偶數，這些原子核的自旋都是整數，都是玻色子。在這些穩定玻色子之中，幾乎全部（148個）都具有偶數質子數、偶數中子數，由於成對，自旋為零。剩下的四個穩定玻色子都具有奇數質子數、奇數中子數，這些奇-奇玻色子為2
1
H
6
3
Li
10
5
B
,、14
7
N
。另外，180m
73
Ta
是亞穩定玻色子，但是尚未被觀察到任何衰變。這些奇-奇玻色子的自旋都是非零整數。
2. ^ 對稱性波函數為 ${\displaystyle -[\sin(x)sin(3y)+sin(3x)sin(y)]/{\sqrt {2}},\qquad 0\leq x,y\leq \pi }$ 。注意到在 ${\displaystyle x=y}$ 附近，機率輻絕對值較大，兩個玻色子趨向於彼此互相接近對方。

參考文獻

1. ^ Carroll, Sean (2007) Dark Matter, Dark Energy: The Dark Side of the Universe, Guidebook Part 2 p. 43, The Teaching Company, ISBN 978-1-59803-350-2 "...boson: A force-carrying particle, as opposed to a matter particle (fermion). Bosons can be piled on top of each other without limit. Examples include photons, gluons, gravitons, weak bosons, and the Higgs boson. The spin of a boson is always an integer, such as 0, 1, 2, and so on..."
2. ^ Notes on Dirac's lecture Developments in Atomic Theory at Le Palais de la Découverte, 6 December 1945, UKNATARCHI Dirac Papers BW83/2/257889. See note 64 to p. 331 in "The Strangest Man" by Graham Farmelo
3. ^ Higgs boson: The poetry of subatomic particles. BBC News. 4 July 2012 [6 July 2012].
4. Charles P. Poole, Jr. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Condensed Matter Physics. Academic Press. 11 March 2004. ISBN 978-0-08-054523-3.
5. ^ boson. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. [21 March 2010].
6. ^ Carroll, Sean. Explain it in 60 seconds: Bosons. Symmetry Magazine. Fermilab/SLAC. [15 February 2013].
7. Mark Srednicki. Quantum Field Theory. Cambridge University Press. 25 January 2007. ISBN 978-1-139-46276-1.
8. Sakukrai, J. J.; Napolitano, Jim, Modern Quantum Mechanics 2nd, Addison-Wesley, 2010, ISBN 978-0805382914