白细胞介素
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白细胞介素或介白素（interleukin）是一组细胞因子（分泌的信号分子）。最早发现在白细胞中表达作为细胞间信号传递的手段。实际上，白细胞介素可以由多种细胞产生。免疫系统的功能，在很大程度上依赖于白细胞介素。一些罕见的白细胞介素缺陷不足都常出现自體免疫性疾病或免疫缺陷。
列表[编辑]
白細胞介素（interleukins）列表：
| 名稱 | 來源 [1] | 目標受體[1][2] | 目標細胞[1] | 功能[1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1 | 巨噬細胞、B細胞、单核细胞[3]、樹狀細胞。[3] | CD121a/IL1R1、CD121b/IL1R2 | 輔助T細胞 | 共同刺激 [3] |
| B細胞 | 成熟和增生 [3] | |||
| 自然殺手細胞 | 活化[3] | |||
| 巨噬細胞、內皮細胞，和其他細胞 | 發炎、[3]少量急性期反應，大量將導致發燒 | |||
| IL-2 | 輔助型T細胞（TH1-cells） | CD25/IL2RA、CD122/IL2RB、CD132/IL2RG | 活化的[3]T細胞、B細胞、自然殺手細胞、巨噬細胞、寡突膠細胞 | 刺激T細胞增生和分化[4]。可以用在免疫療法治療癌症，或移植器官必須降低免疫反應的病人。
也可用於臨床試驗（ESPIRIT. Stalwart）以提高HIV陽性患者的CD4數量。 |
| IL-3 | 活化的輔助型T細胞、[3]肥大細胞、自然殺手細胞、內皮細胞、嗜酸性球 | CD123/IL3RA、CD131/IL3RB | 造血幹細胞 | 引發骨髓前驅細胞分化和增生[3]為紅血球、顆粒球 |
| 肥大細胞 | 增生、釋放出組織胺[3] | |||
| IL-4 | Th2細胞、剛活化的純真CD4+細胞、記憶輔助T細胞、肥大細胞、巨噬細胞 | CD124/IL4R、CD132/IL2RG | 活化B細胞 | 增殖及分化，IgG1和IgE合成。[3]引起過敏反應的重要角色（IgE） |
| T細胞 | 增生[3]、誘導T細胞分化成輔助T2細胞[4] | |||
| 內皮細胞 | ||||
| IL-5 | Th2細胞、肥大細胞、嗜酸性球 | CD125/IL5RA、CD131/IL3RB | 嗜酸性球 | 製造 |
| B細胞 | 發話、IgA製造 | |||
| IL-6 | 巨噬細胞、Th2細胞、B細胞、星形膠質細胞、內皮細胞 | CD126/IL6RA、CD130/IR6RB | 活化的B細胞 | 分化為漿細胞 |
| 漿細胞 | 抗體分泌 | |||
| 造血幹細胞 | 分化 | |||
| T細胞和其他細胞 | 誘發急性期蛋白、造血作用、分化、發炎 | |||
| IL-7 | Bone marrow stromal cells and thymus stromal cells | CD127/IL7RA、CD132/IL2RG | pre/pro-B cell, pre/pro-T cell、自然殺手細胞 | differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells, involved in B, T, and NK cell survival, development, and homeostasis, ↑proinflammatory cytokines |
| IL-8 （CXCL8） | 巨噬細胞、淋巴球、上皮細胞、內皮細胞 | CXCR1/IL8RA, CXCR2/IL8RB/CD128 | 嗜中性球、嗜鹼性球、淋巴球 | 嗜中性球趋化因子 |
| IL-9 | Th2細胞，特別是輔助T細胞 | CD129/IL9R | T細胞、B細胞 | Potentiates IgM, IgG, IgE, stimulates 肥大細胞 |
| IL-10 | 單核细胞、Th2細胞、细胞毒性T细胞、肥大細胞、巨噬細胞、B細胞 subset | CD210/IL10RA、CDW210B/IL10RB | 巨噬細胞 | cytokine production[3] |
| B細胞 | 活化 [3] | |||
| 肥大細胞 | ||||
| Th1細胞 | inhibits Th1 cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF-β, IL-2) | |||
| Th2細胞 | 刺激 | |||
| IL-11 | 骨髓基質 | IL11RA | 骨髓基質細胞 | acute phase protein production, osteoclast formation |
| IL-12 | 樹突狀細胞、B細胞、T細胞、巨噬細胞 | CD212/IL12RB1, IR12RB2 | 活化的[3]T細胞 | differentiation into Cytotoxic T cells with IL-2,[3]↑ IFN-γ, TNF-α, ↓ IL-10 |
| 自然殺手細胞 | ↑ IFN-γ, TNF-α | |||
| IL-13 | 活化的Th2細胞、肥大細胞、自然殺手細胞 | IL13R | TH2-cells, B cells, macrophages | Stimulates growth and differentiation of B細胞 (IgE), inhibits TH1-cells and the production of macrophage inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1, IL-6), ↓ IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 |
| IL-14 | T cells and certain malignant B cells | activated B cells | controls the growth and proliferation of B細胞, inhibits Ig secretion | |
| IL-15 | mononuclear phagocytes (and some other cells), especially macrophages following infection by virus(es) | IL15RA | T cells, activated B cells | Induces production of 自然杀伤细胞 |
| IL-16 | lymphocytes, epithelial cells, eosinophils, CD8+ T cells | CD4 | CD4+ T cells (Th-cells) | CD4+ chemoattractant |
| IL-17 | T helper 17 cells (Th17) | CDw217/IL17RA, IL17RB | epithelium, endothelium, other | osteoclastogenesis, 血管新生, ↑ inflammatory 細胞激素 |
| IL-18 | 巨噬細胞 | CDw218a/IL18R1 | Th1細胞、自然殺手細胞 | Induces production of IFNγ, ↑ NK cell activity |
| IL-19 | - | IL20R | - | |
| IL-20 | Activated keratinocytes and monocytes | IL20R | regulates proliferation and differentiation of 角化细胞 | |
| IL-21 | 活性輔助T細胞、自然殺手T細胞 | IL21R | All lymphocytes, dendritic cells | costimulates activation and proliferation of CD8+ T cells, augment NK cytotoxicity, augments CD40-driven B cell proliferation, differentiation and isotype switching, promotes differentiation of Th17 cells |
| IL-22 | T helper 17 cells (Th17) | IL22R | Production of defensins from epithelial cells.[5]Activates STAT1 and STAT3 and increases production of acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A, Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and haptoglobin in hepatoma cell lines | |
| IL-23 | 巨噬細胞、樹狀細胞 | IL23R | Maintenance of IL-17 producing cells,[5]increases 血管新生 but reduces CD8 T-cell infiltration | |
| IL-24 | 黑素細胞、角化细胞、单核细胞、T細胞 | IL20R | Plays important roles in 抑癌基因, wound healing and 銀屑病 by influencing cell survival, inflammatory cytokine expression. | |
| IL-25 | T細胞、肥大細胞、嗜酸性球、巨噬細胞、黏膜上皮細胞 | LY6E | Induces the production IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which stimulate 嗜酸性球 expansion | |
| IL-26 | T細胞、单核细胞 | IL20R1 | Enhances secretion of IL-10 and IL-8 and cell surface expression of CD54 on epithelial cells | |
| IL-27 | 巨噬細胞、樹突狀細胞 | IL27RA | 调节B细胞和T细胞的活性 | |
| IL-28 | - | IL28R | 在抗病毒免疫中起作用 | |
| IL-29 | - | 在抗微生物免疫中起作用 | ||
| IL-30 | - | IL-27的單链 | ||
| IL-31 | Th2 cells | IL31RA | 引起皮膚發炎 | |
| IL-32 | - | 誘使單核细胞和巨噬細胞分泌TNF-α、IL-8，和CXCL2 | ||
| IL-33 | - | 誘使輔助T細胞製造第二型細胞因子 | ||
| IL-35 | 调节T细胞 | 抑制T細胞活化 | ||
| IL-36 | - | 調控樹突狀細胞和T細胞的反應 |
註釋[编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Unless else specified in boxes, then ref is: Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Immunology. Paperback: 384 pages. Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; (July 1, 2007). Language: English. ISBN 0-7817-9543-5. ISBN 978-0-7817-9543-2. Page 68
- ^ Noosheen Alaverdi & David Sehy. Cytokines - Master Regulators of the Immune System (PDF). eBioscience. 2007-05-01 [2008-02-28].
- ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 Cytokine tutorial, The University of Arizona 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2008-02-02.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Murphy, Kenneth; Weaver, Casey. Janeway's Immunobiology. USA: Garland Science. 2016: 811–813. ISBN 978-0815345053.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 引用错误：没有为名为
Abbas_2012的参考文献提供内容
參考文獻[编辑]
此条目包含有源于Pfam以及InterPro的属于公有领域的文本 IPR000779
外部链接[编辑]
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