矢車菊屬
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 矢車菊屬之紫星薊
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| Centaurea L. |
矢車菊屬（Centaurea），屬於菊科，是大約350至500種草本植物和薊的開花植物之屬，大多都生長在舊大陸中。同是矢車菊屬，另外種類包括星薊、矢車菊、黑矢車菊屬等等。一些種類培養作裝飾植物，栽種在庭院裡。
種類[编辑]
矢車菊屬的種類有：
- Centaurea adpressa
- Centaurea aggregata
- Centaurea alpestris
- Centaurea alpina
- Centaurea americana – American Star-thistle
- Centaurea argentea
- Centaurea aspera – Rough Star-thistle
- Centaurea atropurpurea
- Centaurea babylonica
- Centaurea behen
- Centaurea bella
- Centaurea bovina
- Centaurea bulbosa
- Centaurea cachinalensis
- Centaurea calcitrapa – 紫星薊（Purple Star Thistle or Caltrop - Europe）
- Centaurea calcitrapoides
- Centaurea chilensis
- Centaurea cineraria – Dusty Miller
- Centaurea clementei
- Centaurea cyanus – 矢車菊（Cornflower）
- Centaurea dealbata
- Centaurea debeauxii
- Centaurea depressa
- Centaurea diffusa – 白矢車菊（Diffuse Knapweed）
- Centaurea diluta
- Centaurea dschungarica
- Centaurea eriophora
- Centaurea floccosa
- Centaurea gayana
- Centaurea glastifolia
- Centaurea grinensis
- Centaurea horrida
- Centaurea hypoleuca
- Centaurea iberica – A spiny Mediterranean species thought to be the "thistle" mentioned in Genesis
- Centaurea imperialis
- Centaurea jacea
- Centaurea kasakorum
- Centaurea kopetaghensis
- Centaurea kotschyana
- Centaurea leucophylla
- Centaurea macrocephala
- Centaurea maculosa – Spotted Knapweed; eastern Europe; introduced in North America, now an invasive weed which releases a toxin that reduces growth of forage species.
- Centaurea marschalliana
- Centaurea melitensis
- Centaurea moschata - Sweet Sultan
- Centaurea monocephala
- Centaurea montana – Perennial Cornflower
- Centaurea nigra – Black Knapweed or Common Knapweed
- Centaurea nigrescens – 提洛爾矢車菊（Tyrol Knapweed）; southern and eastern Europe
- Centaurea orientalis
- Centaurea ovina
- Centaurea paniculata
- Centaurea phrygia
- Centaurea pindicola
- Centaurea polypodiifolia
- Centaurea pulcherrima
- Centaurea ragusina
- Centaurea repens – Russian Knapweed (also Turkestan Thistle) is a perennial, native to southern Russia and Asia Minor to Altay Mountains and Afghanistan. It is a weed in parts of its native range as well as in places where it has been accidentally naturalized. The flowerhead is lilac and not spiny.
- Centaurea rothrockii
- Centaurea ruthenica
- Centaurea rutifolia
- Centaurea sadleriana – Pannonian knapweed
- Centaurea scabiosa – 市郊矢車菊（Greater Knapweed）
- Centaurea seridis
- Centaurea sibirica
- Centaurea simplicicaulis
- Centaurea solstitialis – 黃星薊（Yellow Star Thistle）; Europe.
- Centaurea squarrosa
- Centaurea stenolepis
- Centaurea stoebe
- Centaurea sulphurea
- Centaurea transalpina
- Centaurea tchihatcheffii - Endangered species, Mogan Lake, Ankara, Turkey
- Centaurea trichocephala
- Centaurea triniifolia
- Centaurea triumfettii
- Centaurea uniflora
- Centaurea virgata
花蜜[编辑]
矢車菊屬生產豐富的花蜜，特別是在高石灰土壤中，主要得益者是收採蜂蜜的蜂農。星薊種類蜂蜜味淡而有濃郁的香味。美國是生產豐富最純正星薊蜂蜜的生產地，但一些奸商以欺騙手法，將之當作銷售作阿巴拉契亞山脈缺乏，珍貴的酸模樹蜂蜜。
高花蜜出產量使得對昆蟲，如蝴蝶、飛蛾、六點榆蟲而言非常有吸引力，其化昆蟲也以矢車菊屬植物為食物。
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黃星薊 Centaurea solstitialis
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Centaurea cyanus
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紫星薊
參考書目[编辑]
- Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The Plant Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 706 p. ISBN 0-521-34060-8.
- Robbins, W.W., M. K. Bellue, and W. S. Ball. 1970. Weeds of California. State of California, Dept. of Agriculture. 547 p.
