石斛屬

石斛蘭
	聚石斛 Dendrobium lindleyi
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	单子叶植物 Monocots
目：	天門冬目 Asparagales
科：	蘭科 Orchidaceae
亚科：	樹蘭亞科 Epidendroideae
族：	石斛兰族 Dendrobieae
亚族：	石斛蘭亞族 Dendrobiinae
属：	石斛蘭屬 Dendrobium; Sw（英语：Olof Swartz）, 1799
品種
	1190個種
異名
	列表 Callista Lour. ; Ceraia Lour ; Aporum Blume ; Desmotrichum Blume, illegitimate ; Grastidium Blume ; Macrostomium Blume ; Onychium Blume ; Pedilonum Blume ; Schismoceras C.Presl ; Cadetia Gaudich ; Orthoglottis Breda ; Thelychiton Endl. ; Keranthus Lour. ex Endl. ; Endeisa Raf. ; Tropilis Raf. ; Ditulima Raf. ; Froscula Raf. ; Ormostema Raf. ; Pierardia Raf., illegitimate ; Thicuania Raf. ; Latourea Blume ; Aclinia Griff. ; Dichopus Blume ; Stachyobium Rchb.f. ; Coelandria Fitzg. ; Sayeria Kraenzl. ; Diplocaulobium (Rchb.f.) Kraenzl. in H.G.A.Engler ; Goldschmidtia Dammer ; Inobulbon Schltr. & Kraenzl. in H.G.A.Engler ; Epigeneium Gagnep. ; Katherinea A.D.Hawkes ; Ephemerantha P.F.Hunt & Summerh. ; Flickingeria A.D.Hawkes ; Amblyanthus (Schltr.) Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter, illegitimate ; Australorchis Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter ; Bolbodium Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter ; Conostalix (Kraenzl.) Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter ; Dendrocoryne (Lindl.) Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter, invalid ; Dockrillia Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter ; Dolichocentrum (Schltr.) Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter ; Eriopexis (Schltr.) Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter ; Euphlebium (Kraenzl.) Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter ; Herpetophytum (Schltr.) Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter ; Kinetochilus (Schltr.) Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter ; Latourorchis Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter ; Microphytanthe (Schltr.) Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter ; Monanthos (Schltr.) Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter ; Trachyrhizum (Schltr.) Brieger in F.R.R.Schlechter ; Amblyanthe Rauschert ; Cannaeorchis M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Winika M.A.Clem., D.L.Jones & Molloy ; Tetrodon (Kraenzl.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Abaxianthus M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Aporopsis (Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Bouletia M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Cepobaculum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Ceratobium (Lindl.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Chromatotriccum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Davejonesia M.A.Clem ; Dendrobates M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Distichorchis M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; × Dockrilobium J.M.H.Shaw ; Durabaculum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Eleutheroglossum (Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Eurycaulis M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Exochanthus M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Leioanthum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Maccraithea M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Oxyglossellum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Sarcocadetia (Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Stelbophyllum D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem ; Stilbophyllum D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem ; Tetrabaculum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; × Vappaculum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Vappodes M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones ; Anisopetala (Kraenzl.) M.A.Clem. ;

石斛屬（学名：Dendrobium）屬於蘭科的樹蘭亞科下的多年生草本植物，包含約1,450种。主要分布于亚洲和大洋洲热带地区。具有观赏和药用价值^[2]。其學名Dendrobium一詞源自希臘語dendro就是樹木，而bium就是生長的意思。

分布

石斛属原生分布范围广泛，主要见于亚洲的热带及亚热带地区，并向东南延伸至大洋洲和西太平洋诸岛。其分布范围自南亚的印度及喜马拉雅山东部一带，向东经中国大陆南部、台湾、日本南部及中南半岛，至菲律宾、马来群岛（包括婆罗洲及印度尼西亚诸岛），并进一步延伸至新几内亚、澳大利亚、部分太平洋岛屿及新西兰。不同种类可生长于热带雨林、季风林、山地森林等多种环境。多种石斛为附生或岩生植物。^[3]^[4]

分类

上级归属

石斛属在不同分类体系中的族级归属有所不同。部分分类体系将石斛亚族（英语：Dendrobiinae）（Dendrobiinae）置于独立的石斛族（英语：Dendrobieae）（Dendrobieae）中^[5]；2015年 Chase 等人的兰科分类体系则将石斛亚族与小柱兰亚族（英语：Malaxidinae）（Malaxidinae）共同置于柄唇兰族（Malaxideae）中^[6]。

下级分类

石斛属的属下分类尚未完全解决^[7]^[8]。传统分类通常将其划分为多个组（sections），但分子系统学研究显示其中许多组为并系或多系，一些用于划分组的形态特征可能是趋同演化的结果^[9]。

传统组级分类

传统分类文献曾使用下列组名，主要基于Rudolf Schlechter于1911至1914年提出的属下分类体系^[10]；其界限并不全受到现代分子系统学支持^[11]：

下属物种

澳洲石斛（英语：Dendrobium kingianum）
Dendrobium kingianum
石斛
Dendrobium nobile
鼓槌石斛
Dendrobium chrysotoxum
黄石斛
Dendrobium catenatum

逸事

有許多國家都把石斛蘭作為「父親節之花」。
北韓的國花之一金日成花是石斛蘭屬的植物。
在動畫機動戰士GUNDAM 0083：Stardust Memory中，高達試作3號機以石斛蘭命名。

參考

^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ 焦振彬; 罗毅波. 群体表型性状研究揭示环境与遗传因素对霍山石斛表型及物种分类的影响. 生物多样性. 2021, 29: 1073–1086 [2021-09-11]. doi:10.17520/biods.2021001. （原始内容存档于2021-09-11）.
^ Dendrobium in Flora of China. eFloras. [2026-08-11].
^ Dendrobium Sw.. Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. [2026-08-11] （英语）.
^ Conran, John G.; Bannister, Jennifer M.; Lee, Daphne E. Earliest orchid macrofossils: Early Miocene Dendrobium and Earina (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) from New Zealand. American Journal of Botany. 2009-02, 96 (2): 466–474. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800269.
^ Chase, Mark W.; Cameron, Kenneth M.; Freudenstein, John V.; Pridgeon, Alec M.; Salazar, Gerardo; van den Berg, Cássio; Schuiteman, André. An updated classification of Orchidaceae: Updated Classification of Orchidaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2015-02, 177 (2): 151–174. doi:10.1111/boj.12234.
^ Burzacka-Hinz, Aleksandra; Dudek, Magdalena; Olędrzyńska, Natalia; Naczk, Aleksandra M.; Szlachetko, Dariusz L. Evolution of morphological traits of Dendrobium sensu lato (Orchidaceae)—an attempt to resolve phylogenetic relationships in nominal and morphologically convergent sections. BMC Plant Biology. 2025-02-22, 25 (1). doi:10.1186/s12870-025-06263-w.
^ Xiang, Xiao-Guo; Schuiteman, André; Li, De-Zhu; Huang, Wei-Chang; Chung, Shih-Wen; Li, Jian-Wu; Zhou, Hai-Lang; Jin, Wei-Tao; Lai, Yang-Jun; Li, Zhen-Yu; Jin, Xiao-Hua. Molecular systematics of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae, Dendrobieae) from mainland Asia based on plastid and nuclear sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2013-12, 69 (3): 950–960. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.009.
^ Takamiya, Tomoko; Wongsawad, Pheravut; Sathapattayanon, Apirada; Tajima, Natsuko; Suzuki, Shunichiro; Kitamura, Saki; Shioda, Nao; Handa, Takashi; Kitanaka, Susumu; Iijima, Hiroshi; Yukawa, Tomohisa. Molecular phylogenetics and character evolution of morphologically diverse groups, Dendrobium section Dendrobium and allies. AoB PLANTS. 2014-01-01, 6. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plu045.
^ Morris, Michael Wayne; Stern, William Louis; Judd, Walter S. Vegetative anatomy and systematics of subtribe Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 1996-02, 120 (2): 89–144. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1996.tb00483.x.
^ Schuiteman, André. Dendrobium (Orchidaceae): To split or not to split?. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore. 2011, 63 (1–2): 245–257.

外部連結

（简体中文）中国数字植物标本馆中的相关内容：石斛屬
（英文）Dendrobium photos
（英文）Multikey System for Identification of Dendrobium species
（英文）Orchid Picture Gallery
（英文）Orchid Care

石斛屬 Dendrobium （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）藥用植物圖像數據庫(香港浸會大學中醫藥學院)

[galadriel-1] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

[2] 焦振彬; 罗毅波. 群体表型性状研究揭示环境与遗传因素对霍山石斛表型及物种分类的影响. 生物多样性. 2021, 29: 1073–1086 [2021-09-11]. doi:10.17520/biods.2021001. （原始内容存档于2021-09-11）.

[3] Dendrobium in Flora of China. eFloras. [2026-08-11].

[4] Dendrobium Sw.. Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. [2026-08-11] （英语）.

[5] Conran, John G.; Bannister, Jennifer M.; Lee, Daphne E. Earliest orchid macrofossils: Early Miocene Dendrobium and Earina (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) from New Zealand. American Journal of Botany. 2009-02, 96 (2): 466–474. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800269.

[6] Chase, Mark W.; Cameron, Kenneth M.; Freudenstein, John V.; Pridgeon, Alec M.; Salazar, Gerardo; van den Berg, Cássio; Schuiteman, André. An updated classification of Orchidaceae: Updated Classification of Orchidaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2015-02, 177 (2): 151–174. doi:10.1111/boj.12234.

[7] Burzacka-Hinz, Aleksandra; Dudek, Magdalena; Olędrzyńska, Natalia; Naczk, Aleksandra M.; Szlachetko, Dariusz L. Evolution of morphological traits of Dendrobium sensu lato (Orchidaceae)—an attempt to resolve phylogenetic relationships in nominal and morphologically convergent sections. BMC Plant Biology. 2025-02-22, 25 (1). doi:10.1186/s12870-025-06263-w.

[8] Xiang, Xiao-Guo; Schuiteman, André; Li, De-Zhu; Huang, Wei-Chang; Chung, Shih-Wen; Li, Jian-Wu; Zhou, Hai-Lang; Jin, Wei-Tao; Lai, Yang-Jun; Li, Zhen-Yu; Jin, Xiao-Hua. Molecular systematics of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae, Dendrobieae) from mainland Asia based on plastid and nuclear sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2013-12, 69 (3): 950–960. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.009.

[Takamiyaetal2014-9] Takamiya, Tomoko; Wongsawad, Pheravut; Sathapattayanon, Apirada; Tajima, Natsuko; Suzuki, Shunichiro; Kitamura, Saki; Shioda, Nao; Handa, Takashi; Kitanaka, Susumu; Iijima, Hiroshi; Yukawa, Tomohisa. Molecular phylogenetics and character evolution of morphologically diverse groups, Dendrobium section Dendrobium and allies. AoB PLANTS. 2014-01-01, 6. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plu045.

[10] Morris, Michael Wayne; Stern, William Louis; Judd, Walter S. Vegetative anatomy and systematics of subtribe Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 1996-02, 120 (2): 89–144. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1996.tb00483.x.

[11] Schuiteman, André. Dendrobium (Orchidaceae): To split or not to split?. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore. 2011, 63 (1–2): 245–257.

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