# 羅傑·潘洛斯

Roger Penrose

加拿大二戰期間）

## 職業生涯

Urs Schmid所繪油畫（1995年），主題為潘洛斯鋪磚法，運用到寬細兩種菱形

## 物理与意识

2014年1月，史都華·哈默洛夫和潘洛斯主張，日本物質材料研究中心的博士 Anirban Bandyopadhyay 所发现的微管中的量子振荡[8] 证实了Orch-OR假说。[9] 这个理论的修订更正版伴随著批评和辩论发表在《Physics of Life Reviews》。[10]

## 宗教信仰

“我认为宇宙是有目的的，它的出现不可能是机缘巧合...有些人认为宇宙就是会存在，而且就是会运转--有点类似某种计算过程，然后我们不知道怎么的，就意外出现在宇宙中。但是我认为在看待宇宙的问题上，这些看法并不具有建设意义，我认为关于宇宙一定有什么更深刻的东西。”[13]

## 著作

• 潘洛斯, Techniques of Differential Topology in Relativity, Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics, 1972, ISBN 978-0-89871-005-2（rare）
• 潘洛斯and Wolfgang Rindler, Spinors and Space-Time: Volume 1, Two-Spinor Calculus and Relativistic Fields, Cambridge University Press, 1987 (reprint), ISBN 978-0-521-33707-6（paperback）
• 潘洛斯and Wolfgang Rindler, Spinors and Space-Time: Volume 2, Spinor and Twistor Methods in Space-Time Geometry, Cambridge University Press, 1988 (reprint), ISBN 978-0-521-34786-0（paperback）
• 潘洛斯, The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds, and The Laws of Physics, Oxford University Press, 1989, ISBN 978-0-14-014534-2（paperback）
• 潘洛斯, Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness, Oxford University Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-19-853978-0（hardback）
• 史蒂芬·霍金和潘洛斯, The Nature of Space and Time, Princeton University Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-691-03791-2 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-691-05084-3（paperback）
• 潘洛斯, The Large, the Small, and the Human Mind, (with Abner Shimony, Nancy Cartwright, and Stephen Hawking), Cambridge University Press, 1997, ISBN 978-0-521-56330-7 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-521-65538-5 (paperback), Canto edition: ISBN 978-0-521-78572-3
• 潘洛斯, The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe, Jonathan Cape, London, 2004, ISBN 978-0-224-04447-9 (hardcover), ISBN 978-0-09-944068-0（paperback）

## 參考文獻

• Ferguson, Kitty (1991). Stephen Hawking: Quest For A Theory of Everything. Franklin Watts. ISBN 978-0-553-29895-6.
• Misner, Charles; Thorne, Kip S. & Wheeler, John Archibald. Gravitation. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. 1973. ISBN 978-0-7167-0344-0.; see Box 34.2.
1. ^ Criticism of the Lucas/Penrose argument that intelligence can not be entirely algorithmic:
Sources that indicate Penrose's argument is generally rejected:
• Bringsford, S. and Xiao, H. 2000. A Refutation of Penrose's Gödelian Case Against Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 12: 307–329. The authors write that it is "generally agreed" that Penrose "failed to destroy the computational conception of mind."
• In an article at 存档副本. [2010-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2001-01-25）. L.J. Landau at the Mathematics Department of King's College London writes that "Penrose's argument, its basis and implications, is rejected by experts in the fields which it touches."
Sources that also note that different sources attack different points of the argument:
• Princeton Philosophy professor John Burgess writes in On the Outside Looking In: A Caution about Conservativeness (published in Kurt Gödel: Essays for his Centennial, with the following comments found on pp. 131–132) that "the consensus view of logicians today seems to be that the Lucas–Penrose argument is fallacious, though as I have said elsewhere, there is at least this much to be said for Lucas and Penrose, that logicians are not unanimously agreed as to where precisely the fallacy in their argument lies. There are at least three points at which the argument may be attacked."
• Dershowitz, Nachum 2005. The Four Sons of Penrose, in Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Logic Programming for Artificial Intelligence and Reasoning（LPAR; Jamaica）, G. Sutcliffe and A. Voronkov, eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3835, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 125–138.
2. ^ Marvin Minsky. "Conscious Machines." Machinery of Consciousness, Proceedings, National Research Council of Canada, 75th Anniversary Symposium on Science in Society, June 1991.
3. ^ Tegmark, Max. 2000. "The importance of quantum decoherence in brain processes". Physical Review E. vol 61. pp. 4194–4206.
4. ^ Tetlow, Philip. The Web's Awake: An Introduction to the Field of Web Science and the Concept of Web Life. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. 2007: 166. ISBN 978-0-470-13794-9.
5. ^ Hagan, S., Hameroff, S., and Tuszyński, J. Quantum Computation in Brain Microtubules? Decoherence and Biological Feasibility. Physical Review E. 2002, 65: 061901. Bibcode:2002PhRvE..65f1901H. arXiv:quant-ph/0005025. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.65.061901.