肢口綱

肢口綱; 化石时期：赫南特期–全新世, 445–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	美洲鱟 Limulus polyphemus
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
演化支：	蛛形类 Arachnomorpha
亚门：	螯肢亚门 Chelicerata
演化支：	真螯肢类 Euchelicerata
演化支：	頭胸足類 Prosomapoda
纲：	肢口纲 Merostomata; Woodward, 1866
目
	劍尾目 Xiphosura;

肢口綱（學名：Merostomata）是一綱水生的螯肢亞門，其下包括了鱟。現存的肢口綱只剩一個劍尾目4個物種，分別為中華鱟、南方鱟、美洲鱟、圓尾鱟，但有大量主要屬於古生代的化石物種。

肢口綱是螯肢亞門之中唯一擁有複眼的，而蛛形綱則失去了節肢動物祖先發展完好的側前複眼。

史前的板足鱟綱（Eurypterida）曾被归类為本綱之下的一個亞綱，但後來被許多學者認為更接近蛛形綱，因而將板足鱟綱分出去獨立成為一綱，與蛛形綱另組成硬器類（Sclerophorata）或Cryptopneustida。^[1]^[2]

詞源[编辑]

肢口綱的學名“Merostomata”是從希臘文 μηρός（meros，“大腿”）和στόμα（stoma，“口”）組合而來，因本綱動物的口器附近擁有附肢而得名。

下属分类[编辑]

本纲包括以下目：^[3]

剑尾目 Xiphosurida

目的地位未定的科：

目和科的地位未定的属：

Aglaspidichnus Radwanksi & Roniewicz, 1967
Anderella Moore, McKenzie & Lieberman, 2007
Anthraconectes Meek & Worthen, 1868
Baltoeurypterus Størmer, 1973
Beaumontia David, 1928
Belinuropsis Matthew, 1909
Bembicosoma Laurie, 1900
Bembycosoma Laurie, 1900
Bifarius Tasch, 1961
Borchgrevinkium Novojilov, 1958
Brachopterella
Bunaia Clarke, 1920
Camanchia Moore, Briggs, Braddy & Shultz, 2011
Caragassia Vologdin, 1965
Carbonolimulus Hong, 1985
Chasmataspis Caster & Brooks, 1956
Curviramus Ruedemann, 1935
Cyamocephalus Currie, 1927
Dibasterium Briggs, Siveter, Siveter, Sutton, Garwood & Legg, 2012
Dickinsonia Tasch, 1963
Dipeltis Packard, 1885
Dvulikiaspis Marshall, Lamsdell, Shpinev & Braddy, 2013
Elleria Raymond, 1944
Elmocephalus Tasch, 1964
Eocarcinsoma Caster & Kjellesvig-Waering, 1964
Eurypterella Matthew, 1889
Eusarcus Grote & Pitt, 1875
Exoculatus Pirozhnikov, 1966
Gdowia Yanishevsky, 1950
Glaucodes Pruvost, 1924
Grossopterus Størmer, 1935
Habcyne Meyer, 1844
Hastimima Seward, 1909
Heteroaspis Stormer, 1972
Holmipterus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1979
Hypatocephala Tasch, 1961
Ikeyia Vologdin, 1965
Iyaia Vologdin, 1965
Kasibelinurus Pickett, 1993
Kioeria Størmer, 1933
Lagrandella Eldredge, 1974
Laurieopterus
Legrandella Eldredge, 1974
Limulicubichnus Miller, 1982
Limulites Krueger, 1823
Mazonipterus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1963
Nahlyostaspis Marshall, Lamsdell, Shpinev & Braddy, 2013
Neobelinuropsis Eller, 1938
Neolimulus Woodward, 1868
Onychopterella Størmer, 1951
Orcanopterus Stott, Tetlie, Braddy, Nowlan, Glasser & Devereux, 2005
Palatinaspis Malz & Poschmann, 1993
Paraeurypterus Lamsdell, Hosgör & Selden, 2013
Parahughmillera Kjellesvig-Waering, 1961
Parka Fleming, 1864
Pasternakevia Selden & Drygant, 1987
Pentlandopterus Lamsdell, Hosgör & Selden, 2013
Permolimulinella Tasch, 1963
Pincombella Chapman, 1932
Polystomurum Novozhilov, 1958
Psammonlimulus
Pseudoniscus Nieszkowski, 1859
Pseudostylonurus Xie & Xie, 1989
Raaschichnus Hesselbo, 1988
Rutroclypeus Withers, 1933
Sanctacarus
Selenichnites Romano & Whyte, 1990
Skrytyaspis Marshall, Lamsdell, Shpinev & Braddy, 2013
Steropis Bailey, 1858
Strongylocephalus Tasch, 1961
Stylonarus Page, 1856
Stylonuroides Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966
Syntomopterella Tetlie, 2007
Syntomopterus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1961
Thurandina Stormer, 1974
Tremaglaspis Fortey & Rushton, 2003
Truncatiramus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1961
Willwerathia Stormer, 1969

註記[编辑]

^ Boudreaux H. B. Arthropod phylogeny with special reference to insects. New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto: John Willey & sons. 1979: 320 pp.
^ Weygoldt, P. & Paulus, H.F. Untersuchungen zur Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Chelicerata. Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung. 1979, 17: 85–116, 177–200.
^ Merostomata. GBIF. [2023-03-23]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-19）.

參考資料[编辑]

石川良輔編『節足動物の多様性と系統』,(2008),バイオディバーシティ・シリーズ6(裳華房)

外部連結[编辑]

Horseshoe Crabs (Class Merostomata) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[WeygoldtPaulus1979-1] Boudreaux H. B. Arthropod phylogeny with special reference to insects. New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto: John Willey & sons. 1979: 320 pp.

[Boudreaux1979-2] Weygoldt, P. & Paulus, H.F. Untersuchungen zur Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Chelicerata. Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung. 1979, 17: 85–116, 177–200.

[3] Merostomata. GBIF. [2023-03-23]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-19）.

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