蛛形綱 (學名 :Arachnida )又名蜘蛛綱 ,是節肢動物 下的一個綱,包括了蜘蛛 、蠍子 、壁蝨 、螨 等。蜘蛛、蠍子等常被大眾誤解為昆蟲,雖然同屬節肢動物 門,可是它們都獨立於昆蟲綱之外,屬於蛛形綱。蛛形綱動物的特徵是擁有八隻腳,书肺 ,体内受精 ,半變態 。蛛形綱動物大多在陸地生活,大部分為肉食性。有一些蜘蛛和蠍子有毒,主要用作自衛及捕獵用途,但大部分的蛛形綱都是無毒的。
根據2011年的分類,現時蛛形綱(Arachnida Cuvier, 1812 )有大约112,201左右的物種,當中化石種有†1,586,可作以下分類[3] :
Order 1
Order 1.1 盲蛛目 Opiliones Sundevall, 1833 : (6,519 species, of which †35 species)11
Order 1.2 蝎目 Scorpiones C.L. Koch, 1851 : (2,068 species, of which †121 species)12
跑足亚纲 Dromopoda
Order 2.1 避日目 Solifugae Sundevall, 1833 : (1,116 species, of which †3 species)13
Order 2.2 拟蝎目 Pseudoscorpiones de Geer, 1778 : (3,494 species, of which †40 species)14
Order 3 鬚腳目 Palpigradi Thorell, 1888 : (83 species, of which †1 species)15
Order 4 †古怖目 Phalangiotarbida Haase, 1890 : (†31 species )16
Order 5 节腹目 Ricinulei Thorell, 1876 : (73 species, of which †15 species)17
寄蟎總目 Parasitiformes[4]
Order 6.1 節腹蟎目 Opilioacarida Zakhvatkin, 1952 : (37 species, of which †2 species)18
Order 6.2 巨蟎目 Holothyrida Thon, 1905 : (27 species)
Order 6.3 真蜱目 Ixodida Leach, 1815 : (896 species, of which †5 species) 19
Order 6.4 革蟎目 Mesostigmata G. Canestrini, 1891 : (11,424 species)
蟎形總目 Acariformes
Order 7.1 恙螨目 Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909 : (25,821 species, of which †24 species)20
Order 7.2 疥蟎目 Sarcoptiformes Reuter, 1909 (16,412 species, of which †113 species)21
Order 8
Order 8.1 †角怖目 Trigonotarbida Petrunkevitch, 1949 (†65 species)22
Order 8.2.1.1 †乌拉尔蛛目 Uraraneida Selden & Shear in Selden et al., 2008 (†3 species)23
Order 8.2.1.2 蜘蛛目 Araneae Clerck, 1757 : (43,579 species, of which †1,106 species)24
Order 8.2.2.1 †聯足目 Haptopoda Pocock, 1911 (†1 species)25
无鞭目 Amblypygi
有鞭目 Thelyphonida
裂盾目 Schizomida
参考文献 [ 编辑 ]
^ Dunlop, J.A. A trigonotarbid arachnid from the Upper Silurian of Shropshire (PDF) . Palaeontology. September 1996, 39 (3): 605–614 [2008-10-12 ] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2008-12-16).
^ Andrew J. Wendruff; Loren E. Babcock; Christian S. Wirkner; Joanne Kluessendorf; Donald G. Mikulic. A Silurian ancestral scorpion with fossilised internal anatomy illustrating a pathway to arachnid terrestrialisation. Scientific Reports. 2020, 10 : Article number 14. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56010-z .
^ Zhang, Zhi-Qiang. Phylum Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848 (PDF) . Zhang, Z.-Q. (编). Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (PDF ) . Magnolia Press . 2011: 123–128 [2015-12-10 ] . ISBN 978-1-86977-850-7 . ISSN 1175-5334 . (原始内容存档 于2015-12-22) (英语) .
^ FRÉDÉRIC BEAULIEU, ASHLEY P.G. DOWLING, HANS KLOMPEN, GILBERTO J. DE MORAES & DAVID EVANS WALTER. Superorder Parasitiformes Reuter, 1909 (PDF) . Zhang, Z.-Q. (编). Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (PDF ) . Magnolia Press . 2011: 123–128 [2015-12-10 ] . ISBN 978-1-86977-850-7 . ISSN 1175-5334 . (原始内容存档 于2015-12-22) (英语) .
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