鐳的同位素
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鐳没有稳定或长寿命的同位素,故无法给出它的标准原子量。镭有从202Ra到234Ra共33种同位素,其中最稳定也最常见的同位素是半衰期1600年的226Ra。
2013年发现镭-224的原子核呈梨形,首次发现不对称原子核。[1]
圖表[编辑]
符號 | 歷史 名稱 |
Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素質量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰變 方式[2][n 2] |
衰變 產物[n 3] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量 | ||||||||||
202Ra | 88 | 114 | 202.00989(7) | 2.6(21) ms [0.7(+33−3) ms] |
0+ | |||||
203Ra | 88 | 115 | 203.00927(9) | 4(3) ms | α | 199Rn | (3/2−) | |||
β+ (不常見) | 203Fr | |||||||||
203mRa | 220(90) keV | 41(17) ms | α | 199Rn | (13/2+) | |||||
β+ (不常見) | 203Fr | |||||||||
204Ra | 88 | 116 | 204.006500(17) | 60(11) ms [59(+12−9) ms] |
α (99.7%) | 200Rn | 0+ | |||
β+ (.3%) | 204Fr | |||||||||
205Ra | 88 | 117 | 205.00627(9) | 220(40) ms [210(+60−40) ms] |
α | 201Rn | (3/2−) | |||
β+ (不常見) | 205Fr | |||||||||
205mRa | 310(110)# keV | 180(50) ms [170(+60−40) ms] |
α | 201Rn | (13/2+) | |||||
IT (不常見) | 205Ra | |||||||||
206Ra | 88 | 118 | 206.003827(19) | 0.24(2) s | α | 202Rn | 0+ | |||
207Ra | 88 | 119 | 207.00380(6) | 1.3(2) s | α (90%) | 203Rn | (5/2−,3/2−) | |||
β+ (10%) | 207Fr | |||||||||
207mRa | 560(50) keV | 57(8) ms | IT (85%) | 207Ra | (13/2+) | |||||
α (15%) | 203Rn | |||||||||
β+ (.55%) | 207Fr | |||||||||
208Ra | 88 | 120 | 208.001840(17) | 1.3(2) s | α (95%) | 204Rn | 0+ | |||
β+ (5%) | 208Fr | |||||||||
208mRa | 1800(200) keV | 270 ns | (8+) | |||||||
209Ra | 88 | 121 | 209.00199(5) | 4.6(2) s | α (90%) | 205Rn | 5/2− | |||
β+ (10%) | 209Fr | |||||||||
210Ra | 88 | 122 | 210.000495(16) | 3.7(2) s | α (96%) | 206Rn | 0+ | |||
β+ (4%) | 210Fr | |||||||||
210mRa | 1800(200) keV | 2.24 µs | (8+) | |||||||
211Ra | 88 | 123 | 211.000898(28) | 13(2) s | α (97%) | 207Rn | 5/2(−) | |||
β+ (3%) | 211Fr | |||||||||
212Ra | 88 | 124 | 211.999794(12) | 13.0(2) s | α (85%) | 208Rn | 0+ | |||
β+ (15%) | 212Fr | |||||||||
212m1Ra | 1958.4(5) keV | 10.9(4) µs | (8)+ | |||||||
212m2Ra | 2613.4(5) keV | 0.85(13) µs | (11)− | |||||||
213Ra | 88 | 125 | 213.000384(22) | 2.74(6) min | α (80%) | 209Rn | 1/2− | |||
β+ (20%) | 213Fr | |||||||||
213mRa | 1769(6) keV | 2.1(1) ms | IT (99%) | 213Ra | 17/2−# | |||||
α (1%) | 209Rn | |||||||||
214Ra | 88 | 126 | 214.000108(10) | 2.46(3) s | α (99.94%) | 210Rn | 0+ | |||
β+ (.06%) | 214Fr | |||||||||
215Ra | 88 | 127 | 215.002720(8) | 1.55(7) ms | α | 211Rn | (9/2+)# | |||
215m1Ra | 1877.8(5) keV | 7.1(2) µs | (25/2+) | |||||||
215m2Ra | 2246.9(5) keV | 1.39(7) µs | (29/2−) | |||||||
215m3Ra | 3756.6(6)+X keV | 0.555(10) µs | (43/2−) | |||||||
216Ra | 88 | 128 | 216.003533(9) | 182(10) ns | α | 212Rn | 0+ | |||
ε (1×10−8%) | 216Fr | |||||||||
217Ra | 88 | 129 | 217.006320(9) | 1.63(17) µs | α | 213Rn | (9/2+) | |||
218Ra | 88 | 130 | 218.007140(12) | 25.2(3) µs | α | 214Rn | 0+ | |||
219Ra | 88 | 131 | 219.010085(9) | 10(3) ms | α | 215Rn | (7/2)+ | |||
220Ra | 88 | 132 | 220.011028(10) | 17.9(14) ms | α | 216Rn | 0+ | |||
221Ra | 88 | 133 | 221.013917(5) | 28(2) s | α | 217Rn | 5/2+ | |||
CD (1.2×10−10%) | 207 Pb 14 C | |||||||||
222Ra | 88 | 134 | 222.015375(5) | 38.0(5) s | α | 218Rn | 0+ | 痕量[n 4] | ||
CD (3×10−8%) | 208 Pb 14 C | |||||||||
223Ra[n 5] | Actinium X | 88 | 135 | 223.0185022(27) | 11.43(5) d | α | 219Rn | 3/2+ | 痕量[n 6] | |
CD (6.4×10−8%) | 209 Pb 14 C | |||||||||
224Ra | Thorium X | 88 | 136 | 224.0202118(24) | 3.6319(23) d | α | 220Rn | 0+ | 痕量[n 7] | |
CD (4.3×10−9%) | 210 Pb 14 C | |||||||||
225Ra | 88 | 137 | 225.023612(3) | 14.9(2) d | β− | 225Ac | 1/2+ | |||
226Ra | Radium[n 8] | 88 | 138 | 226.0254098(25) | 1600(7) y | α | 222Rn | 0+ | 痕量[n 4] | |
CD (2.6×10−9%) | 212 Pb 14 C | |||||||||
227Ra | 88 | 139 | 227.0291778(25) | 42.2(5) min | β− | 227Ac | 3/2+ | |||
228Ra | Mesothorium 1 | 88 | 140 | 228.0310703(26) | 5.75(3) y | β− | 228Ac | 0+ | 痕量[n 7] | |
229Ra | 88 | 141 | 229.034958(20) | 4.0(2) min | β− | 229Ac | 5/2(+) | |||
230Ra | 88 | 142 | 230.037056(13) | 93(2) min | β− | 230Ac | 0+ | |||
231Ra | 88 | 143 | 231.04122(32)# | 103(3) s | β− | 231Ac | (5/2+) | |||
231mRa | 66.21(9) keV | ~53 µs | (1/2+) | |||||||
232Ra | 88 | 144 | 232.04364(30)# | 250(50) s | β− | 232Ac | 0+ | |||
233Ra | 88 | 145 | 233.04806(50)# | 30(5) s | β− | 233Ac | 1/2+# | |||
234Ra | 88 | 146 | 234.05070(53)# | 30(10) s | β− | 234Ac | 0+ |
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的證明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
鈁的同位素 | 鐳的同位素 | 錒的同位素 |
註釋[编辑]
- ^ 半衰期超过宇宙年龄(几乎稳定)的同位素以粗体显示
- ^ 缩写:
CD:簇衰变
EC:电子捕获
IT:核異構轉變 - ^ 稳定同位素以粗体显示
- ^ 4.0 4.1 238U的衰变产物
- ^ 用于治疗骨癌
- ^ 235U的衰变产物
- ^ 7.0 7.1 232Th的衰变产物
- ^ 这个元素的名称来源
参考文獻[编辑]
- ^ First observations of short-lived pear-shaped atomic nuclei.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-11-01]. (原始内容
存档于2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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