確認偏誤
（重定向自驗應性偏誤）
槍械擁有問題等觀點二極的議題可以看出人對新證據的偏見詮釋。
確認偏誤（或稱確認偏差、證實偏差、肯證偏誤、驗證偏誤、驗證性偏見，英语：Confirmation bias）是個人選擇性地回憶、蒐集有利細節，忽略不利或矛盾的資訊，來支持自己已有的想法的片面詮釋。[1][2]
這種偏見尤其顯見於感情問題和傳統觀念。例如, 人們面對情傷，大多難以割捨，會在反覆的情緒中來回擺盪掙扎，過程中不斷回顧並對自己給予合理的解釋與交代，直到身心得到平衡安頓為止。回顧與重新認知的過程會建構一個新的認知事實，它受到個人價值觀、家人或傳統社會的壓力、或宗教信仰等批判或趨避的影響，而傾向採取對自己較為有利的說法或選擇性的認知，以合理化整個事件，進而化解外部壓力並獲得身心上的平衡。又例如，當談及槍支管制問題時，人們常偏好支持自己原立場，觀點，也傾向將模稜兩可的事實做有利於自己的解釋。偏見的搜索、理解和回憶，常被用來說明態度極化（即使爭論雙方都依附於相同的根據，爭執仍變得極端）、信念固著（在反證出現後依然堅信原有看法）、非理性首因效應（即強烈的「先入為主」效應）及錯覺相關（對二件偶然事件做無根據的連結的傾向）等現象。
參見[编辑]
註腳[编辑]
- ^ Plous 1993，第233页
- ^ 郑丽玉. 心理學. 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. 2006: 283– [17 January 2013]. ISBN 978-957-11-4381-1.
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