麻扎达坂

麻扎达坂
(赛力亚克达坂)
麻扎达坂 ; (赛力亚克达坂)
	(上) 往南行景色 ; (下) 往北行景色
海拔	4,969米（16,302英尺）
長度	40公里（25英里）
穿過	219国道 (新藏公路)
位置	中国新疆叶城县
山脉	昆仑山脉
坐标	36°34′44″N 77°00′11″E / 36.579°N 77.003°E坐标：36°34′44″N 77°00′11″E / 36.579°N 77.003°E
	麻扎达坂 ; (赛力亚克达坂)

麻扎达坂(Mazar Pass)^[2]也将其称为赛力亚克达坂(Sailyak Pass)^[3]是一条有许多发夹弯的长程山口，沿着连接新疆和西藏的219国道（G219）。在新疆山口稱為达坂，达坂穿过昆仑山脉，达坂位于新疆西南部叶城县库地村(西喀拉斯坦河)和麻扎村(叶尔羌河)之间。西方媒體消息来源经常将其称为Chiragsaldi Pass 。^[4]^[5]

北起叶城县的舊G219國道零公里石碑，达坂位于240公里（150英里）。^[6]大约40公里（25英里）长，是新藏公路上最长的山口。^[6]^[1]G219國道于 1957 年首次完工，除了黑卡达坂外，在 2013 年全面铺上沥青。^[5]

麻扎达坂以达坂南边的小村子之所以得名，是因为这里是两个维吾尔麻扎的所在地。麻札即伊斯兰教之圣徒墓地，村里有一个麻扎兵站。^[6]近几十年来，它还作为 G219国道的卡车休息站和前往乔戈里峰的探险队的服務站。^[4]^[7]

Chiragsaldi Pass是英国探险家在 1800 年代后期使用的名称，同样，当时只是商队露营地的麻扎村也被称为Chiragsaldi 。 ^[8]这个名字的意思是“灯熄灭”，指的是麻扎村的风大。^[9] 1900 年代初期的法国军队地图显示，Chiragsaldi Pass和赛力亚克达坂是不同的达坂，从同一个山谷一个向西，另一个向东。^[10]

参见[编辑]

参考[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 锈剑. 穿越世界之巅的天路G219新藏线一路探秘无人区的苍凉与雄壮. QQ News. 2018-08-28 [23 January 2020] （中文）. 海拔4969米的麻扎达坂，是新藏线上最长的达坂，上下各近40公里。
^ Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology. Proceedings of the Symposium on Mountain Glaciology relating to Human Activity held at Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China, 26-30 August 1991. International Glaciological Society. 1992: 136 [2022-03-25]. ISBN 978-0-946417-08-7. （原始内容存档于2022-03-25）. Sailyak Pass
^ Xiao, Wenjiao; Hou, Quanlin; Li, Jiliang; Brian F., Windley; Hao, Jie; Fang, Aiming; Zhou, Hui; Wang, Zhihong; Chen, Hanlin; Zhang, Guocheng; Yuan, Chao. Tectonic facies and the archipelago-accretion process of the West Kunlun, China. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 2000, 43 (S1): 134–143. ISSN 1006-9313. doi:10.1007/BF02911939. The mélange zone along the Sailiyake Daban and Kangxiwar is mainly composed of Triassic sand-stones and shales
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Brown, Chip. K2. National Geographic. April 2012 [23 January 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-06）. After a night in the dimly lit Yecheng Electricity Hotel we drove over the Chiragsaldi Pass and crept through billows of dust at ten miles an hour until we reached a desolate truck stop called Mazar.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Chiragsaldi Pass. dangerousroads.org. [23 January 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-23）. The road to the summit is called 219 National Road, also known as Tibet - Xinjiang Highway. Construction of this road started in 1951. It was completed in 1957 and fully paved with asphalt in 2013.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 创意影像. 中国最美的20条摄影之路. Beijing Book Co. Inc. 1 March 2017: 173 [2022-03-25]. ISBN 978-7-5514-1685-6. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）. 麻扎达坂麻扎达坂位于新藏公路北起240千米处,也叫赛力克达坂,...也是新藏线最长的达坂...麻扎达坂位于麻扎兵站的北方。...这里是新藏公路和进乔戈里峰的边防公里分岔口，应此地原有两座维吾尔人坟墓而得名。
^ Lysenko, Vladimir. First Descent of the Chogir River in Xinjiang. Shangri La River Expeditions. June 1996 [23 January 2020]. Have covered through settlement Kokyar, Akaz Pass (of height of 3,000 m), settlement Kudi and, at last, very high Seraz Pass (4,947 m) and at two o'clock in the afternoon have reached Mazar (Mazar Dara). ... The Seraz Pass, of height of almost 5,000 meters, is rather good "looked" - it is the matter of hands of soldiers of Chinese building battalions.
^ Francis Younghusband. A journey across Central Asia, from Manchuria and Peking to Kashmir, over the Mustagh Pass. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography. Edward Stanford. 1888: 504–505 [2022-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-25）. At the head of the Tisnaf river we left the track which leads over the Yangi Dawan to the Karakoram Pass and Leh, and struck off westward to the Chiragh Saldi Pass. ... The next day we struck the Yarkand river at the camping ground of Chiragh Saldi, which is the furthest point reached by Mr. Hayward in exploring the course of that river from its source downwards.
^ Henry Walter Bellew. Kashmir and Kashghar: A Narrative of the Journey of the Embassy to Kashghar in 1873-74. Trübner. 1875: 399 [2022-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-25）. Our next stage was Chiragh Saldi, "the lamp blew out" -- in reference to the winds of the locality -- fourteen miles.
^ Service géographique de l'armée. Asie 1:1,000,000. flle 40N-78E, Kachgar (地图). 1886 - Collections patrimoniales numérisées de Bordeaux Montaigne. 1906 [23 January 2020]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-31）（法语）. Tchirak-Soldi, Sarrakh, Yanghi-Davan

[qq_news-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 锈剑. 穿越世界之巅的天路G219新藏线一路探秘无人区的苍凉与雄壮. QQ News. 2018-08-28 [23 January 2020] （中文）. 海拔4969米的麻扎达坂，是新藏线上最长的达坂，上下各近40公里。

[Geocryology1992-2] Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology. Proceedings of the Symposium on Mountain Glaciology relating to Human Activity held at Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China, 26-30 August 1991. International Glaciological Society. 1992: 136 [2022-03-25]. ISBN 978-0-946417-08-7. （原始内容存档于2022-03-25）. Sailyak Pass

[XiaoHou2000-3] Xiao, Wenjiao; Hou, Quanlin; Li, Jiliang; Brian F., Windley; Hao, Jie; Fang, Aiming; Zhou, Hui; Wang, Zhihong; Chen, Hanlin; Zhang, Guocheng; Yuan, Chao. Tectonic facies and the archipelago-accretion process of the West Kunlun, China. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 2000, 43 (S1): 134–143. ISSN 1006-9313. doi:10.1007/BF02911939. The mélange zone along the Sailiyake Daban and Kangxiwar is mainly composed of Triassic sand-stones and shales

[natgeo-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Brown, Chip. K2. National Geographic. April 2012 [23 January 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-06）. After a night in the dimly lit Yecheng Electricity Hotel we drove over the Chiragsaldi Pass and crept through billows of dust at ten miles an hour until we reached a desolate truck stop called Mazar.

[dangerousroads-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Chiragsaldi Pass. dangerousroads.org. [23 January 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-23）. The road to the summit is called 219 National Road, also known as Tibet - Xinjiang Highway. Construction of this road started in 1951. It was completed in 1957 and fully paved with asphalt in 2013.

[创意影像2017-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 创意影像. 中国最美的20条摄影之路. Beijing Book Co. Inc. 1 March 2017: 173 [2022-03-25]. ISBN 978-7-5514-1685-6. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）. 麻扎达坂麻扎达坂位于新藏公路北起240千米处,也叫赛力克达坂,...也是新藏线最长的达坂...麻扎达坂位于麻扎兵站的北方。...这里是新藏公路和进乔戈里峰的边防公里分岔口，应此地原有两座维吾尔人坟墓而得名。

[lysenko-7] Lysenko, Vladimir. First Descent of the Chogir River in Xinjiang. Shangri La River Expeditions. June 1996 [23 January 2020]. Have covered through settlement Kokyar, Akaz Pass (of height of 3,000 m), settlement Kudi and, at last, very high Seraz Pass (4,947 m) and at two o'clock in the afternoon have reached Mazar (Mazar Dara). ... The Seraz Pass, of height of almost 5,000 meters, is rather good "looked" - it is the matter of hands of soldiers of Chinese building battalions.

[Younghusband1888-8] Francis Younghusband. A journey across Central Asia, from Manchuria and Peking to Kashmir, over the Mustagh Pass. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography. Edward Stanford. 1888: 504–505 [2022-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-25）. At the head of the Tisnaf river we left the track which leads over the Yangi Dawan to the Karakoram Pass and Leh, and struck off westward to the Chiragh Saldi Pass. ... The next day we struck the Yarkand river at the camping ground of Chiragh Saldi, which is the furthest point reached by Mr. Hayward in exploring the course of that river from its source downwards.

[Bellew1875-9] Henry Walter Bellew. Kashmir and Kashghar: A Narrative of the Journey of the Embassy to Kashghar in 1873-74. Trübner. 1875: 399 [2022-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-25）. Our next stage was Chiragh Saldi, "the lamp blew out" -- in reference to the winds of the locality -- fourteen miles.

[10] Service géographique de l'armée. Asie 1:1,000,000. flle 40N-78E, Kachgar (地图). 1886 - Collections patrimoniales numérisées de Bordeaux Montaigne. 1906 [23 January 2020]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-31）（法语）. Tchirak-Soldi, Sarrakh, Yanghi-Davan

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