1989年洛馬普里塔地震
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 | 此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2021年7月26日) |
 奧克蘭倒塌的雙層大橋 | |
  聖塔克魯茲 奧克蘭 薩利納斯  | |
| 日期 | 1989年10月17日 |
|---|---|
| 發生時間 | 10:04:15 UTC（17:04:15 PDT [1] |
| 持續時間 | 8－15秒[2] |
| 震级 | 6.9 Mw [2] |
| 震源深度 | 12 mi（19 km） [1] |
| 震中 | 37°02′N 121°53′W / 37.04°N 121.88°W坐标：37°02′N 121°53′W / 37.04°N 121.88°W [1] |
| 類型 | 斜滑斷層 |
| 影響地區 |  美國舊金山灣區中央海岸 |
| 損失 | $56－60億美元[1][3] |
| 最大烈度 | IX [1] |
| 最大加速度 | 0.65g（在震央）[2] |
| 海嘯 | 有[4][5] |
| 山體滑坡 | 1,000–4,000 [1][2] |
| 前震 | 1988年6月27日：5.3 ML[6] 1989年8月8日：5.4 ML[6] |
| 傷亡 | 死亡63人 受傷3,757人[1][7] |
1989年洛馬普里塔地震（英語：1989 Loma Prieta earthquake）是1989年10月17日當地時間下午5時4分在北加利福尼亞發生的地震，震央位於聖塔克魯茲東北面約10英哩、尼森·馬克斯森林州立公園內一段聖安德烈亞斯斷層。該州立公園以鄰近的聖塔克魯茲山脈的洛馬普里塔峰命名。地震烈度達到矩震級6.9級，最高達到麥加利地震烈度IX級，導致63人死亡、3,757人受傷。聖安德烈斷層的洛馬普里塔段自1906年舊金山大地震以來不甚活躍，直至1988年6月和1989年8月的兩次前震。
聖塔克魯茲縣遭到嚴重破壞，而南面的蒙特雷縣也造成一定程度破壞，但一直影響北至舊金山灣區，包括舊金山半島以及海灣對岸的奧克蘭。地震也導致土壤液化，尤其受嚴重破壞的海港區。但影響在東灣以及蒙特雷灣海岸亦可見，同時出現了非破壞性的海嘯。
參見[编辑]
參考資料[编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Stover, C. W.; Coffman, J. L., Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised), U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527, United States Government Printing Office: 98, 99, 180–186, 1993 [2017-08-24], （原始内容存档于2016-05-17）
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Clough, G. W.; Martin, II, J. R.; Chameau, J. L., The geotechnical aspects, Practical lessons from the Loma Prieta earthquake, National Academies Press: 29–46, 1994 [2018-04-10], ISBN 978-0309050302, （原始内容存档于2020-08-21）
- ^ Housner 1990，第19–23頁
- ^ Ma, K.; Satake, K.; Kanamori, H., The origin of the tsunami excited by the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake –Faulting or slumping– (PDF), Geophysical Research Letters (American Geophysical Union), 1991, 18 (4): 637–640 [2017-08-24], Bibcode:1991GeoRL..18..637M, doi:10.1029/91gl00818, （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-07-23）
- ^ Breaker, L. C.; Murty, T. S.; Norton, J. G.; Carrol, D., Comparing sea level response at Monterey, California from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1964 Great Alaskan earthquake (PDF), Science of Tsunami Hazards (Tsunami Society), 2009, 28 (5): 255–271 [2017-08-24], （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04）
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Perfettini, H.; Stein, R. S.; Simpson, R.; Cocco, M., Stress transfer by the 1988–1989 M = 5.3 and 5.4 Lake Elsman foreshocks to the Loma Prieta fault: Unclamping at the site of peak mainshock slip (PDF), Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (Wiley), 1999, 104 (B9): 20,169, 20,173, 20,174 [2018-04-10], Bibcode:1999JGR...10420169P, doi:10.1029/1999JB900092, （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-04-21）
- ^ Bolt, B., Earthquakes: 2006 Centennial Update – The 1906 Big One Fifth, W. H. Freeman and Company: 10–14, 293–297, 2005, ISBN 978-0716775485
來源
- Bonilla, M. G., Geologic and historical factors affecting earthquake damage, The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989—Marina District, USGS Professional Paper 1551-F, Strong Ground Motion and Ground Failures, United States Government Printing Office, 1992 [2017-08-24], （原始内容存档于2020-08-18）
- Dietz, L. D.; Ellsworth, W. L., Aftershocks of the Loma Prieta earthquake and their tectonic implications, The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989—Aftershocks and Postseismic Effects, USGS Professional Paper 1550-D, Earthquake Occurrence, United States Government Printing Office, 1997 [2017-08-24], （原始内容存档于2020-11-30）
- Fradkin, Philip L. Magnitude 8: Earthquakes and Life Along the San Andreas Fault, University of California Press, 1999. ISBN 0-520-22119-2
- Housner, G. W., Competing Against Time – Report to Governor George Deukmejian from The Governor's Board of Inquiry on the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake (PDF), State of California, Office of Planning and Research, 1990 [2017-08-24], （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-11-08）
- McDonnell, J. A., Response to the Loma Prieta Earthquake (PDF), United States Government Printing Office, 1993 [2017-08-24], ISBN 0-16-041730-9, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-10-21）
- Palm, Risa; Michael E. Hodgson. After a California Earthquake: Attitude and Behavior Change, University Of Chicago Press, 1992. ISBN 0-226-64499-5
- Sims, J. D.; Garvin, C. D., Observations of multiple liquefaction events at Soda Lake, California, during the earthquake and its aftershocks, The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989—Liquefaction, USGS Professional Paper 1551-B, Strong Ground Motion and Ground Failure, United States Government Printing Office: 151–163, 1998 [2017-08-24], （原始内容存档于2020-08-18）
- Yashinsky, M., The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989—Highway Systems, USGS Professional Paper 1552-B, Performance of the Built Environment, United States Government Printing Office: 1–191, 1998 [2017-08-24], （原始内容存档于2020-11-30）
外部連結[编辑]
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维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：1989年洛馬普里塔地震 |
- 互联网档案馆收藏的电视短片"Loma Prieta Earthquake, ca. 1989"[更多内容]
- Reflections 20 Years Later in Loma Prieta（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – Whole Mountain Source Book
- October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – United States Geological Survey
- The October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake—Selected Photographs（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – United States Geological Survey
- Loma Prieta Earthquake, October 17, 1989. Preliminary Reconnaissance Report（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
- Giants Clubhouse: '89 Earthquake[失效連結] – Major League Baseball
- After The Fall: The earthquake shattered the Bay Area, but the cities hardest hit are now mostly rebuilt—and the scars are hidden deep below the surface（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – San Francisco Chronicle
- Out of the Rubble. Ten Years After: First in a week-long retrospective of the Loma Prieta quake（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – San Francisco Chronicle
- Photographs of the aftermath of the Loma Prieta Earthquake from the UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- 25 Years After Loma Prieta, Earthquake Science Is Transformed（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – LiveScience
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