摘要

This figure shows sea level rise the end of the last glacial episode based on data from Fleming et al. 1998, Fleming 2000, and Milne et al. 2005. These papers collected data from various reports and adjusted them for subsequent vertical geologic motions, primarily those associated with post-glacial continental and hydroisostatic rebound. The first refers to deformations caused by the weight of continental ice sheets pressing down on the land the latter refers to uplift in coastal areas resulting from the increased weight of water associated with rising sea levels. Because of the latter effect and associated uplift, many islands, especially in the Pacific, experienced higher local sea levels in the mid-Holocene than they do today. Uncertainty about the magnitude of these corrections is the dominant uncertainty in many measurements of sea level change.

The black curve is based on minimizing the sum of squares error weighted distance between this curve and the plotted data. It was constructed by adjusting a number of specified tie points, typically placed every 1 kyr but at times adjusted for sparse or rapidly varying data. A small number of extreme outliers were dropped. Some authors propose the existence of significant short-term fluctuations in sea level such that the sea level curve might oscillate up and down about this ~1 kyr mean state. Others dispute this and argue that sea level change has largely been a smooth and gradual process. However, at least one episode of rapid deglaciation, known as meltwater pulse 1A, is agreed upon, and is indicated on the plot. A variety of other accelerated periods of deglaciation have been proposed (i.e. meltwater pulse 1B, 1C, 1D, 2, 3...), but it is unclear whether these actually occurred or merely reflect misinterpretation of difficult measurements. No other events are evident in the data presented above.

The lowest point of sea level during the last glaciation is not well constrained by observations (shown here as a dashed curve), but is generally argued to be approximately 130 ± 10 m below present sea level and to have occurred at approximately 22 ± 3 thousand years ago. The time of lowest sea level is more or less equivalent to the Last Glacial Maximum. Prior to this time, ice sheets were still increasing in size, so sea level had been decreasing almost continuously for approximately 100,000 years.

Copyright

This figure was prepared by Robert A. Rohde from published data, and is incorporated into the Global Warming Art project.

Image from Global Warming Art

This image is an original work created for Global Warming Art. Please refer to the image description page for more information.

已授权您依据自由软件基金会发行的无固定段落及封面封底文字（Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts, and Back-Cover Texts）的GNU自由文件许可协议1.2版或任意后续版本的条款，复制、传播和／或修改本文件。该协议的副本请见“GNU Free Documentation License”。http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.htmlGFDLGNU Free Documentation Licensetruetrue

	本文件采用知识共享署名-相同方式共享 3.0 未本地化版本许可协议授权。
	您可以自由地： 共享 – 复制、发行并传播本作品 修改 – 改编作品 惟须遵守下列条件： 署名 – 您必须对作品进行署名，提供授权条款的链接，并说明是否对原始内容进行了更改。您可以用任何合理的方式来署名，但不得以任何方式表明许可人认可您或您的使用。 相同方式共享 – 如果您再混合、转换或者基于本作品进行创作，您必须以与原先许可协议相同或相兼容的许可协议分发您贡献的作品。
	本许可协议标签作为GFDL许可协议更新的组成部分被添加至本文件。http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/CC BY-SA 3.0Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0truetrue

References

• Fleming, Kevin, Paul Johnston, Dan Zwartz, Yusuke Yokoyama, Kurt Lambeck, and John Chappell (1998). "Refining the eustatic sea-level curve since the Last Glacial Maximum using far- and intermediate-field sites". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 163 (1-4): 327-342. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00198-8
• Fleming, Kevin Michael (2000年) 《 Glacial Rebound and Sea-level Change Constraints on the Greenland Ice Sheet》、​Australian National University PhD Thesis
• Milne, Glenn A., Antony J. Long and Sophie E. Bassett (2005). "Modelling Holocene relative sea-level observations from the Caribbean and South America". Quaternary Science Reviews 24 (10-11): 1183-1202. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.005

此geology图片可使用矢量图形重新创建为SVG文件。这具有很多好处；更多信息请参见共享资源:待清理媒体。如果存在此图片的SVG格式，请将其上传，然后将此模板替换为{{vector version available|新图片名称}}。 建议您将SVG命名为“Post-Glacial Sea Level.svg”，这样在使用Vector version available（或Vva）模板时就不需要填写新图片名称参数。