七氟化铼

七氟化铼
	IUPAC名; rhenium heptafluoride, heptafluoridorhenium
识别
CAS号	17029-21-9
PubChem	123369
ChemSpider	26323924
SMILES	F[Re](F)(F)(F)(F)(F)F;
InChI	1/7FH.Re/h7*1H;/q;;;;;;;+7/p-7/rF7Re/c1-8(2,3,4,5,6)7;
InChIKey	HFHBKXWKPQUYIA-KLJGHBABAK
性质
化学式	ReF7
摩尔质量	319.196 g·mol⁻¹
外观	亮黄色固体
密度	4.3g/cm3
熔点	48.3°C
沸点	73.72°C
溶解性（水）	水解
蒸气压	13.41 kPa
结构
晶体结构	三斜晶系，aP16
空间群	P-1, No. 2
热力学
ΔfH⦵fus	7.53 kJ/mol
ΔfHvap	30.77 kJ/mol
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

七氟化铼是铼的最高价氟化物，化学式为ReF₇。它是一种黄色低熔点的固体^[2]，是唯一在热力学上稳定的金属七氟化物，^[3]也是含氟计量比（M:F=1:7）最高的过渡金属氟化物，它的7个价电子全部用于与氟成键。^[4]1.5 K温度下的中子衍射实验证实它采用了变形的五角双锥结构，与七氟化碘类似。^[5]电子衍射实验证实这个结构是非刚性的。 ^[6]

制备及性质[编辑]

它可由金属铼和氟气在400°C直接化合制得：^[7]

2Re + 7 F₂ → 2 ReF₇

七氟化铼在碱性条件下水解，生成高铼酸和氢氟酸：^[1]

ReF₇ + 4H₂O → HReO₄ + 7HF

它与氟离子的供体作用（如氟化铯）可以生成ReF₈⁻阴离子，后者具有四方反棱柱的空间构型。^[8]与强路易斯酸（氟离子受体，如五氟化锑）作用可以生成ReF₆⁺阳离子。^[7]

参考文献[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 J.G.Malm; H.Selig. The vapour-pressures and other properties of ReF6 and ReF7. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1961, 20 (3): 189–197. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(61)80267-4 （英语）.
^ Rouschias, George. Recent advances in the chemistry of rhenium. Chemical Reviews. 1974-10-01, 74 (5): 531–566. doi:10.1021/cr60291a002.
^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
^ Jianyan Lin, Ziyuan Zhao, Chunyu Liu, Jing Zhang, Xin Du, Guochun Yang, Yanming Ma. IrF 8 Molecular Crystal under High Pressure. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2019-04-03, 141 (13): 5409–5414 [2021-11-16]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/jacs.9b00069 （英语）.
^ Vogt T., Fitch A. N., Cockcroft J. K. Crystal and Molecular Structures of Rhenium Heptafluoride. Science. 1994, 263 (5151): 1265. PMID 17817431. doi:10.1126/science.263.5151.1265.
^ Jacob, E. Jean; Bartell, L.S.J. Electron Diffraction Study of Rhenium Fluorides. II. Structure, Pseudorotation, and Anharmonic Coupling of Modes in ReF7. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1970, 53 (6): 2235. doi:10.1063/1.1674318.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 A. F. Holleman; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils. Inorganic Chemistry. Boston: Academic Press. 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
^ Hwang, I; Seppelt, K. The structures of ReF₈⁻ and UF₈²⁻. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 2000, 102: 69. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(99)00248-1.

[ref7good-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 J.G.Malm; H.Selig. The vapour-pressures and other properties of ReF6 and ReF7. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1961, 20 (3): 189–197. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(61)80267-4 （英语）.

[2] Rouschias, George. Recent advances in the chemistry of rhenium. Chemical Reviews. 1974-10-01, 74 (5): 531–566. doi:10.1021/cr60291a002.

[Greenwood-3] Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.

[4] Jianyan Lin, Ziyuan Zhao, Chunyu Liu, Jing Zhang, Xin Du, Guochun Yang, Yanming Ma. IrF 8 Molecular Crystal under High Pressure. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2019-04-03, 141 (13): 5409–5414 [2021-11-16]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/jacs.9b00069 （英语）.

[5] Vogt T., Fitch A. N., Cockcroft J. K. Crystal and Molecular Structures of Rhenium Heptafluoride. Science. 1994, 263 (5151): 1265. PMID 17817431. doi:10.1126/science.263.5151.1265.

[6] Jacob, E. Jean; Bartell, L.S.J. Electron Diffraction Study of Rhenium Fluorides. II. Structure, Pseudorotation, and Anharmonic Coupling of Modes in ReF7. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1970, 53 (6): 2235. doi:10.1063/1.1674318.

[Wiberg&Holleman-7] 7.0 ^7.1 A. F. Holleman; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils. Inorganic Chemistry. Boston: Academic Press. 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.

[8] Hwang, I; Seppelt, K. The structures of ReF₈⁻ and UF₈²⁻. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 2000, 102: 69. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(99)00248-1.

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