健康素养

健康素养（Health literacy）也称为健康识读，是有能力获得医疗卫生资讯，并且阅读、理解，进而应用此资讯来进行健康相关的决定，也可以依照指示接受治疗^[1]。有许多有关健康素养的定义^[2]^[3]。

健康素养是造成健康差距（英语：health disparities）的主要因素之一，越来越受到卫生专业单位的重视。美国教育部在2003年举办的全国成人素养评估（National Assessment of Adult Literacy, NAAL）中发现，36%的参与者在健康素养上的程度是“初级”及“初级以下”，其结论是有八千万美国人的健康素养不足^[4]。这些人在执行日常和健康有关的事务上（例如读处方药物的标签说明）有困难^[5]。许多因素会影响健康素养。不过以下的因素，比较容易有健康素养不足的风险：年龄（特别是病患超过65岁）、英语能力不足、教育程度较低、社会经济地位较低。健康素养较低的病患比较不了解其疾病以及相关治疗，其健康情形一般也比较不好^[6]。

针对健康素养不足的患者，有许多方式可以提升其健康行为，例如和他们对话时，简化资讯以及描述、避免使用行话、使用回复示教（英语：teach-back）的方式（和病患说明注意事项后，请病患用自己的话再说一次）、鼓励病患问问题等，美国在2010年时，有做过调查，18岁及18岁以上的成人中，表示他们在就医时，医护人员会详细说明，让他们可以理解的比例有60.6%^[7]，这个比例从2007年到2010年上升了1%^[7]。美国卫生及公共服务部提出的Healthy People 2020（英语：Healthy People 2020）计划将健康素养列为要推动新主题之一，目标是在往后的十年内可以提升健康素养^[7]。

社会整体有责任提升健康素养。更重要的，提升健康素养需要医疗及公卫专业人士及系统的参与。

参考资料[编辑]

^ Roundtable on Health Literacy; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Institute of the Medicine. Facilitating State Health Exchange Communication Through the Use of Health Literate Practices: Workshop Summary. National Academies Press. 2012-10-10: 1 [2019-09-19]. ISBN 978-0-309-22029-3. （原始内容存档于2016-05-05）.
^ A. Pleasant; J. McKinney. Coming to consensus on health literacy measurement: An online discussion and consensus-gauging process. Nursing Outlook. 2011, 59 (2): 95–106.e1. PMID 21402205. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2010.12.006.
^ Atkinson, Richard C.; Jackson, Gregg B. Research and Education Reform. 1992-01-01. ISBN 978-0-309-04729-6. doi:10.17226/1973.
^ Kutner, MA; Greenberg, E; Jin, Y; Paulson, C. The Health Literacy of America's Adults: Results From the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. 2006.
^ America's Health Literacy: Why We Need Accessible Health Information. health.gov. [2015-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-21）.
^ Health literacy: report of the Council on Scientific Affairs. Ad Hoc Committee on Health Literacy for the Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. JAMA. 1999-02-10, 281 (6): 552–557. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 10022112.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Health Communication and Health Information Technology - Healthy People 2020. [2019-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-21）.

来源[编辑]

Hayat T. Z., Brainin E., Neter E. With Some Help From My Network: Supplementing eHealth Literacy With Social Ties. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2017, 19 (3): e98. PMC 5391437 . PMID 28360024. doi:10.2196/jmir.6472.
Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: A challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promotion International. 2000, 15 (3): 259–267. doi:10.1093/heapro/15.3.259.
Pleasant, A.; Kuruvilla, S., A tale of two health literacies? Public health and clinical approaches to health literacy, Health Promotion International, 2008 [Feb 28, 2008], （原始内容存档于2008-10-07）
Ratzan S. C. Health literacy: Communication for the public good. Health Promotion International. 2001, 16 (2): 207–214. doi:10.1093/heapro/16.2.207.
Rootman, I., & Wharf-Higgins, J., Literacy and Health: Implications for Active Living (PDF) (18), WellSpring: 4, 2007 [2021-08-29], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-01-25）
Health Literacy Improvement. health.gov. July 24, 2008 [2019-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-11）.
Rudd, R., Moeykens, B. Colton, TC. (1999) Health and literacy: A review of medical and public health literature. In J. Comings, B. Garners, & C. Smith, eds. Annual Review of Adult Learning and Literacy, Volume I. New York, NY: Jossey-Bass.
Zarcadoolas C., Pleasant A., Greer D. Understanding health literacy: An expanded model. Health Promotion International. 2005, 20 (2): 195–203. PMID 15788526. doi:10.1093/heapro/dah609.
Zarcadoolas, C., Pleasant, A., & Greer, D. (2006). Advancing health literacy: A framework for understanding and action. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco, CA.

外部链接[编辑]

Health literacy course and materials based at Harvard University led by Rima Rudd （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Health Literacy Discussion List （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Health and Literacy Special Collection （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[LiteracyPractice2012-1] Roundtable on Health Literacy; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Institute of the Medicine. Facilitating State Health Exchange Communication Through the Use of Health Literate Practices: Workshop Summary. National Academies Press. 2012-10-10: 1 [2019-09-19]. ISBN 978-0-309-22029-3. （原始内容存档于2016-05-05）.

[2] A. Pleasant; J. McKinney. Coming to consensus on health literacy measurement: An online discussion and consensus-gauging process. Nursing Outlook. 2011, 59 (2): 95–106.e1. PMID 21402205. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2010.12.006.

[3] Atkinson, Richard C.; Jackson, Gregg B. Research and Education Reform. 1992-01-01. ISBN 978-0-309-04729-6. doi:10.17226/1973.

[:2-4] Kutner, MA; Greenberg, E; Jin, Y; Paulson, C. The Health Literacy of America's Adults: Results From the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. 2006.

[5] America's Health Literacy: Why We Need Accessible Health Information. health.gov. [2015-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-21）.

[6] Health literacy: report of the Council on Scientific Affairs. Ad Hoc Committee on Health Literacy for the Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. JAMA. 1999-02-10, 281 (6): 552–557. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 10022112.

[healthypeople.gov-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Health Communication and Health Information Technology - Healthy People 2020. [2019-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-21）.

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