硅的同位素
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标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
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硅(原子量:28.0855(3))共有23个已知同位素,质量数介于22-44之间,其中有3个是稳定的,其他都具有放射性。天然存在的硅同位素有5个,分别是稳定的28Si、29Si、30Si和具放射性的31Si及32Si,31Si及32Si在自然界中仅痕量存在,为宇宙射线散裂所产生。其余同位素都不出现在自然界中,只有在实验室制造出来过,且半衰期都极短,非常不稳定。
图表[编辑]
符号 | Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素质量(u) | 半衰期 | 衰变 方式[2] |
衰变 产物[n 1] |
原子核 自旋 |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率) |
相对丰度的变化量 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
22Si | 14 | 8 | 22.03453(22)# | 29(2) ms | β+ (68%) | 22Al | 0+ | ||
β+, p (32%) | 21Mg | ||||||||
23Si | 14 | 9 | 23.02552(21)# | 42.3(4) ms | β+ | 23Al | 3/2+# | ||
24Si | 14 | 10 | 24.011546(21) | 140(8) ms | β+ (92%) | 24Al | 0+ | ||
β+, p (8%) | 23Mg | ||||||||
25Si | 14 | 11 | 25.004106(11) | 220(3) ms | β+ (63.19%) | 25Al | 5/2+ | ||
β+, p (36.8%) | 24Mg | ||||||||
26Si | 14 | 12 | 25.992330(3) | 2.234(13) s | β+ | 26Al | 0+ | ||
27Si | 14 | 13 | 26.98670491(16) | 4.16(2) s | β+ | 27Al | 5/2+ | ||
28Si | 14 | 14 | 27.9769265325(19) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.92223(19) | 0.92205–0.92241 | ||
29Si | 14 | 15 | 28.976494700(22) | 稳定 | 1/2+ | 0.04685(8) | 0.04678–0.04692 | ||
30Si | 14 | 16 | 29.97377017(3) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.03092(11) | 0.03082–0.03102 | ||
31Si | 14 | 17 | 30.97536323(4) | 157.3(3) min | β− | 31P | 3/2+ | ||
32Si | 14 | 18 | 31.97414808(5) | 153(19) y | β− | 32P | 0+ | 痕量或天然放射性 | 宇宙成因 |
33Si | 14 | 19 | 32.978000(17) | 6.18(18) s | β− | 33P | (3/2+) | ||
34Si | 14 | 20 | 33.978576(15) | 2.77(20) s | β− | 34P | 0+ | ||
35Si | 14 | 21 | 34.98458(4) | 780(120) ms | β− (94.74%) | 35P | 7/2−# | ||
β−, n (5.26%) | 34P | ||||||||
36Si | 14 | 22 | 35.98660(13) | 0.45(6) s | β− (88%) | 36P | 0+ | ||
β−, n (12%) | 35P | ||||||||
37Si | 14 | 23 | 36.99294(18) | 90(60) ms | β− (83%) | 37P | (7/2−)# | ||
β−, n (17%) | 36P | ||||||||
38Si | 14 | 24 | 37.99563(15) | 90# ms [>1 µs] | β−, n | 37P | 0+ | ||
β− | 38P | ||||||||
39Si | 14 | 25 | 39.00207(36) | 47.5(20) ms | β− | 39P | 7/2−# | ||
40Si | 14 | 26 | 40.00587(60) | 33.0(10) ms | β− | 40P | 0+ | ||
41Si | 14 | 27 | 41.01456(198) | 20.0(25) ms | β− | 41P | 7/2−# | ||
42Si | 14 | 28 | 42.01979(54)# | 13(4) ms | β− | 42P | 0+ | ||
43Si | 14 | 29 | 43.02866(75)# | 15# ms [>260 ns] | 3/2−# | ||||
44Si | 14 | 30 | 44.03526(86)# | 10# ms | 0+ |
备注:画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,只是理论推测而已,而用括号括起来的代表数据不确定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
铝的同位素 | 硅的同位素 | 磷的同位素 |
注释[编辑]
- ^ 稳定同位素以粗体显示
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. Nucleonica. [2014-12-02]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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