蟾蜍科

蟾蜍科
	金蟾蜍 Bufo periglenes
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	两栖纲 Amphibia
目：	无尾目 Anura
亚目：	新蛙亚目 Neobatrachia
总科：	雨蛙总科 Hyloidea
科：	蟾蜍科 Bufonidae; J. E. Gray, 1825
模式属
	蟾蜍属; Bufo; Laurenti, 1768
属
	（约有38个属）
	蟾蜍科分布

蟾蜍科（学名：Bufonidae）是多种分布于世界各地（除了澳大利亚、马达加斯加与南极洲以外）的蛙类。

眼睛后方有耳下腺，可分泌蟾蜍毒素。皮肤粗糙。头部有骨质棱脊。无齿。头部骨质化。水平瞳孔。大部分陆栖性。未成年的雄性蟾蜍睾丸前方有毕德氏器，是退化的卵巢，成年后消失。

下级分类[编辑]

本科包括以下属：

阿登诺蟾属 Adenomus Cope, 1861
巴尔胎生蟾蜍属 Altiphrynoides Dubois, 1987
Andinophryne
Hoogmoed, 1985
- Andinophryne olallai Hoogmoed, 1985^[1]，为Rhaebo olallai (Hoogmoed, 1985)的异名
涧蟾属 Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870
斑蟾属 Atelophryniscus McCranie, Wilson and Williams, 1989，为Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826的异名
斑足蟾属 Atelopus Duméril and Bibron, 1841
蟾蜍属 Bufo Laurenti, 1768
Bufoides
Pillai & Yazdani, 1973
- 'Bufoides bhupathyi Naveen, Tapley, Chandramouli, Jervis, Babu, Meetei & Karunakaran, 2023^[2]
- Bufoides kempi (Boulenger, 1919)
- Bufoides meghalayanus (Yazdani & Chanda, 1971)
漠蟾属 Bufotes Rafinesque, 1815
Capensibufo
Grandison, 1980
- Capensibufo deceptus Channing, Measey, De Villiers, Turner & Tolley, 2017
- Capensibufo magistratus Channing, Measey, De Villiers, Turner & Tolley, 2017^[3]
- Capensibufo rosei (Hewitt, 1926)
- Capensibufo selenophos Channing, Measey, De Villiers, Turner & Tolley, 2017
- Capensibufo tradouwi (Hewitt, 1926)
Churamiti
Channing & Stanley, 2002
- Churamiti maridadi Channing & Stanley, 2002
扁蟾属 Crepidophryne Cope, 1889
小丛蟾属 Dendrophryniscus Jiménez de la Espada, 1871
硕足蛙属 Didynamipus Andersson, 1903
头棱蟾属 Duttaphrynus
Frostius
Cannatella, 1986
- Frostius erythrophthalmus Pimenta & Caramaschi, 2007
- Frostius pernambucensis (Bokermann, 1962)
棱顶蟾属 Ingerophrynus Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan et al., 2006
Kenyaphrynoides
Liedtke, Malonza, Wasonga, Müller & Loader, 2023
- Kenyaphrynoides vulcani Liedtke, Malonza, Wasonga, Müller & Loader, 2023^[4]
劳蟾属 Laurentophryne Tihen, 1960
平滑蟾属 Leptophryne Fitzinger, 1843
黑昧蟾属 Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961
默蟾属 Mertensophryne Tihen, 1960
Metaphryniscus
Señaris, Ayarzagüena and Gorzula, 1994
- Metaphryniscus sosai Señaris, Ayarzagüena & Gorzula, 1994
游蟾属 Nectophryne Buchholz and Peters in Peters, 1875
胎生蟾属 Nectophrynoides Noble, 1926
利比里亚胎生蟾蜍属 Nimbaphrynoides Dubois, 1987
对趾蟾属 Oreophrynella Boulenger, 1895
奥索蟾属 Osornophryne Ruiz-Carranza and Hernández-Camacho, 1976
小蟾属 Parapelophryne Fei, Ye and Jiang, 2003
浆蟾属 Pedostibes
Günther, 1876
- Pedostibes tuberculosus Günther, 1876^[5]
厚蹼蟾属 Pelophryne Barbour, 1938
Poyntonophrynus
Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan et al., 2006
- Poyntonophrynus beiranus (Loveridge, 1932)
- Poyntonophrynus damaranus (Mertens, 1954)
- Poyntonophrynus dombensis (Bocage, 1895)
- Poyntonophrynus fernandae Baptista, Vaz Pinto, Keates, Lobón-Rovira, Edwards & Rödel, 2023^[6]
- Poyntonophrynus fenoulheti (Hewitt & Methuen, 1912)
- Poyntonophrynus grandisonae (Poynton & Haacke, 1993)
- Poyntonophrynus hoeschi (Ahl, 1934)
- Poyntonophrynus kavangensis (Poynton & Broadley, 1988)
- Poyntonophrynus lughensis (Loveridge, 1932)
- Poyntonophrynus pachnodes Ceríaco, Marques, Bandeira, Agarwal, Stanley, Bauer, Heinicke & Blackburn, 2018
- Poyntonophrynus parkeri (Loveridge, 1932)
- Poyntonophrynus vertebralis (Smith, 1848)
水蟾属 Pseudobufo Tschudi, 1838
Rhaebo
Cope, 1862
- Rhaebo andinophrynoides Mueses-Cisneros, 2009^[7]
- Rhaebo atelopoides (Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1981)
- Rhaebo blombergi (Myers & Funkhouser, 1951)
- Rhaebo caeruleostictus (Günther, 1859)
- Rhaebo colomai (Hoogmoed, 1985)
- Rhaebo ecuadorensis Mueses-Cisneros, Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid, 2012^[8]
- Rhaebo glaberrimus (Günther, 1869)^[8]
- Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799)^[9]^[8]
- Rhaebo haematiticus (Cope, 1862)^[7]
- Rhaebo hypomelas (Boulenger, 1913)^[7]
- Rhaebo lynchi Mueses-Cisneros, 2007^[10]
- Rhaebo nasicus (Werner, 1903)
- Rhaebo olallai (Hoogmoed, 1985)
钩吻蟾属 Rhamphophryne Trueb, 1971
思齐蟾属 Schismaderma Smith, 1849
埃塞俄比亚胎生蟾蜍属 Spinophrynoides Dubois, 1987
Stephopaedes Channing, 1979
花蟾属 Strauchbufo
Truebella Graybeal and Cannatella, 1995
前舌蟾属 Werneria Poche, 1903
沃蟾属 Wolterstorffina Mertens, 1939

参考[编辑]

Bufonidae. ITIS.

^ Ryan L. Lynch, Sebastian Kohn, Fernando Ayala-Varela, Paul S. Hamilton, and Santiago R. Ron. 2014. Rediscovery of Andinophryne olallai Hoogmoed, 1985 (Anura, Bufonidae), an enigmatic and endangered Andean toad. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation. 8(1) [Special Section]: 1–7 (e75). doi: dx.doi.org/10.1514/journal.arc.0000075
^ Naveen R.S., Tapley B., Chandramouli S.R., Jervis P.A., Babu S., Meetei A.B. and Karunakaran P.V. 2023. A New Species of Bufoides Pillai & Yazdani 1973 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) from Mizoram (India) and the Delimitation of the Distribution Range of Bufoides meghalayanus (Yazdani & Chanda 1971) to the Khasi hills, Meghalaya (India). BIODIVERSITAS. 24(9); 4617-4627.
^ A. Channing, G.J. Measey, A.L. de Villiers, A.A. Turner and, K.A. Tolley. 2017. Taxonomy of the Capensibufo rosei Group (Anura: Bufonidae) from South Africa. Zootaxa. 4232(2); 282–292. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.2.11
^ H Christoph Liedtke, Patrick K Malonza, Domnick V Wasonga, Hendrik Müller and Simon P Loader. 2023. A New Genus and Species of Toad from Mount Kenya illuminates East African Montane Biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zlad160. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad160
^ S.R. Chandramouli and A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe. 2016. Taxonomic Reassessment of the Arboreal Toad Genus Pedostibes Günther 1876 (Anura: Bufonidae) and Some Allied Oriental Bufonid Genera. Herpetologica. 72(2): 137-147. DOI 10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-15-00053
^ Ninda L. Baptista, Pedro Vaz Pinto, Chad Keates, Javier Lobón-Rovira, Shelley Edwards and Mark-Oliver Rödel. 2023. Two New Poyntonophrynus Species (Anura: Bufonidae) highlight the importance of Angolan Centers of Endemism. Vertebrate Zoology. 73: 991-1031. DOI: 10.3897/vz.73.e103935
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Mueses-Cisneros, J.J. 2008. Rhaebo haematiticus (Cope 1862): un complejo de especies. Con redescripción de Rhaebo hypomelas (Boulenger 1913) y descripción de una nueva especie. Herpetotropicos. 5: 29-47.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Mueses-Cisneros, J.J., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., McDiarmid, R.W. 2012. A new Amazonian species of Rhaebo (Anura: Bufonidae) with comments on Rhaebo glaberrimus (Günrhwe, 1869) and Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799). Zootaxa. 3447:22-40.
^ 2011. The Amazonian toad Rhaebo guttatus is able to voluntarily squirt poison from the paratoid macroglands. Amphibia-Reptilia. 32 (2011): 546-549
^ Mueses-Cisneros, A.A. 2007. A new species of Rhaebo (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia. Zootaxa. 1662:53-59.

[1] Ryan L. Lynch, Sebastian Kohn, Fernando Ayala-Varela, Paul S. Hamilton, and Santiago R. Ron. 2014. Rediscovery of Andinophryne olallai Hoogmoed, 1985 (Anura, Bufonidae), an enigmatic and endangered Andean toad. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation. 8(1) [Special Section]: 1–7 (e75). doi: dx.doi.org/10.1514/journal.arc.0000075

[2] Naveen R.S., Tapley B., Chandramouli S.R., Jervis P.A., Babu S., Meetei A.B. and Karunakaran P.V. 2023. A New Species of Bufoides Pillai & Yazdani 1973 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) from Mizoram (India) and the Delimitation of the Distribution Range of Bufoides meghalayanus (Yazdani & Chanda 1971) to the Khasi hills, Meghalaya (India). BIODIVERSITAS. 24(9); 4617-4627.

[3] A. Channing, G.J. Measey, A.L. de Villiers, A.A. Turner and, K.A. Tolley. 2017. Taxonomy of the Capensibufo rosei Group (Anura: Bufonidae) from South Africa. Zootaxa. 4232(2); 282–292. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.2.11

[4] H Christoph Liedtke, Patrick K Malonza, Domnick V Wasonga, Hendrik Müller and Simon P Loader. 2023. A New Genus and Species of Toad from Mount Kenya illuminates East African Montane Biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zlad160. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad160

[5] S.R. Chandramouli and A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe. 2016. Taxonomic Reassessment of the Arboreal Toad Genus Pedostibes Günther 1876 (Anura: Bufonidae) and Some Allied Oriental Bufonid Genera. Herpetologica. 72(2): 137-147. DOI 10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-15-00053

[6] Ninda L. Baptista, Pedro Vaz Pinto, Chad Keates, Javier Lobón-Rovira, Shelley Edwards and Mark-Oliver Rödel. 2023. Two New Poyntonophrynus Species (Anura: Bufonidae) highlight the importance of Angolan Centers of Endemism. Vertebrate Zoology. 73: 991-1031. DOI: 10.3897/vz.73.e103935

[Cisneros-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Mueses-Cisneros, J.J. 2008. Rhaebo haematiticus (Cope 1862): un complejo de especies. Con redescripción de Rhaebo hypomelas (Boulenger 1913) y descripción de una nueva especie. Herpetotropicos. 5: 29-47.

[Mueses-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Mueses-Cisneros, J.J., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., McDiarmid, R.W. 2012. A new Amazonian species of Rhaebo (Anura: Bufonidae) with comments on Rhaebo glaberrimus (Günrhwe, 1869) and Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799). Zootaxa. 3447:22-40.

[9] 2011. The Amazonian toad Rhaebo guttatus is able to voluntarily squirt poison from the paratoid macroglands. Amphibia-Reptilia. 32 (2011): 546-549

[10] Mueses-Cisneros, A.A. 2007. A new species of Rhaebo (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia. Zootaxa. 1662:53-59.

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