大吉岭喜马拉雅铁路
坐标：27°2′42″N 88°16′2″E / 27.04500°N 88.26722°E
| 世界遗产 | |
|---|---|
 大吉岭喜马拉雅铁路上的15吨蒸气火车头 | |
| 官方名称 | Mountain Railways of India（英文） Chemins de fer de montagne en Inde（法文） |
| 位置 |  印度（亚洲和太平洋地区） |
| 标准 | 文 (ii) (iv) |
| 参考编码 | 944 |
| 登录年份 | 1999（第23届会议） |
| 网站 | UNESCO的记录（英文） |
大吉岭喜马拉雅铁路（Darjeeling Himalayan Railway），是印度最早的铁路之一。1999年以环山铁路系统的经典之作被纳入世界遗产清单中。总长约60-80公里，轨距610毫米，行驶一种迷你的爬山火车，昵称为玩具火车。整个铁路连接印度西孟加拉省的大吉岭和西里古里。始建于1879年，1880年，长51.2公里的西里古里至Kurseong段首先完工，1881年全线完工通车。
大吉岭喜马拉雅铁路的高低变化相当大，从海拔124公尺的西里古里（印度平原上的古城）一路爬升到以产茶闻名的大吉岭（海拔2258公尺），[1]今日仍保留了15吨的蒸气火车的行驶（大约是四节车箱），此古老的蒸气火车头是1889年到1925年间，英国Sharp, Stewart和North British机厂，还有美国Baldwin机厂生产的。从西里古里到大吉岭约花8小时。从西里古里站出发后26公里，在铁轨旁设有水柜给蒸气火车头加水。为了减小坡度，在世界上首先运用了马蹄型和人字形铁轨路线，中间会经过著名的马蹄型铁轨路线Batasia loop。此外为了提高阻力，避免车轮在爬坡时打滑，车头有两名撒沙工责在铁轨上撒沙子。
大吉岭喜马拉雅铁路的车站包括了，Tindharia, Kurseong, Mahanadi, Toong, Sonada和Ghoom。
延伸阅读[编辑]
- Badawy, Emile D.; Crow, Lindsay (编). The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway: A photographic profile – 1962–1998. Studfield, Vic, Australia: Train Hobby Publications. 1999. ISBN 1876249250.
- Bawcutt, P.J.; Hughes, H.C. Frontier Railway of the Himalayas. Railway Magazine. Vol. 112 no. 782. June 1966: 320–324.
- Barrie, David; Charlesworth, David. Going Loopy. Darjeeling Mail extra, no. 2. Doncaster, South Yorkshire, UK: Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society. 2005. ISBN 0954160223.
- Cable, Bob. Darjeeling Revisited: A journey on the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. Narrow Gauge Branch Lines series. Midhurst, West Sussex, UK: Middleton Press. 2011. ISBN 9781908174093.
- Krieg, Allan D. The Darjeeling Himalayan: take a ride into the clouds on a two-foot gauge railway with which many of our GIs have become familiar while in India. Trains. Vol. 6 no. 3. January 1946: 42–49. ISSN 0041-0934. OCLC 31296210.
- Martin, Terry. Halfway to Heaven. Chester, Cheshire, UK: RailRomances. 2000. ISBN 1900622033.
- Martin, Terry. The Iron Sherpa: the story of the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, 1879-2006 1. Chester, Cheshire, UK: RailRomances. 2006. ISBN 1900622106.
- Martin, Terry. The Iron Sherpa: the history of the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway 2. Chester, Cheshire, UK: RailRomances. 2010. ISBN 9781900622127.
- Smith, J Burlington; Lasell, Eldridge L; Lasell, David; Lasell, Diane L; Lasell Iltis, Sarah; Iltis, Ron. •The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway: an illustrated guide to the railway & Darjeeling.. Middlesbrough, England: Hood & Co. c. 1911. OCLC 43293759.
- Thomas, John. Himalayan Journey. London: British Overseas Railways Historical Trust. 2010. ISBN 9781901613032.
- Thornton Jones, Frank. Darjeeling Christmas, 1945: the Darjeeling photographs of Frank Thornton Jones. Darjeeling Mail extra, no. 1. Nottinghamshire: Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society. 2003. ISBN 0954160215.
- Wallace, Richard. The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway: A Guide to the DHR, Darjeeling and its Tea 2nd. Kenilworth, Warwickshire, UK: Friends of the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. 2009. ISBN 9780954160234.
- Darjeeling and its Mountain Railway.. Kolkata, India: Nava Udyog. 2002. ISBN 8185971951. (Facsimile reprint. Originally published: Kurseong: Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, 1921.)
- Darjeeling Himalayan Railway: World Heritage Area: bringing people and their heritage together.. National Rail Museum & UNESCO Stakeholder Workshop report, 11th–18th January 2002. New Delhi: National Rail Museum. 2002. OCLC 84649417.
- The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway: Illustrated Guide for Tourists. Bath, Somerset, UK: Pagoda Tree Press. 2004. ISBN 1904289037. (Facsimile reprint of the 1st edition, originally published in 1896 by the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Company, Darjeeling, India.)
- Darjeeling's Wonderful Railway - A Visitors Guide: Published by the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society ISBN 954160265-7
- Churchill, David (2018). The Incredible Darjeeling 'B' Class. Solihull, UK: Published by the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society ISBN 978-0-9541602-8-9
参考资料[编辑]
- ^ 座標2：大吉嶺喜馬拉雅鐵道(Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, DHR). 阿里山林业铁路-姊妹铁道-印度. [2021年12月7日]. （原始内容存档于2021年12月7日）.
外部链接[编辑]
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维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：大吉岭喜马拉雅铁路 |
- Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society site （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- List of all trains at Darjeeling Railway Station （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- More pictures of Darjeeling and the railroad at the University of Houston Digital Library
- Darjeeling Himalayan Railway （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） BBC video documentary
- Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Information （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） North Bengal Tourism
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