居鲁士文书

最古老的人权宣言，居鲁士圆柱。

居鲁士文书（又译居鲁士圆柱或居鲁士铭筒；波斯语：منشور کوروش‎）是古代的一个泥制圆筒，现已破裂为几件碎片，以居鲁士大帝的名义由古代阿卡德语楔形文字所写成，在美索不达米亚的巴比伦遗迹中出土，现存于大英博物馆。它写成的年代约为公元前6世纪。

据居鲁士文书所载，在波斯攻陷巴比伦后，居鲁士大帝宣布释放所有奴隶回乡。因此，圣经学者一般认为它是居鲁士大帝在巴比伦之囚后让犹太人重返应许之地政策的证据。居鲁士圆柱亦被视为世界上最早的人权宣言，尽管此看法被大英博物馆与部份西亚古代史学者所否定。

参见

• 那波尼德圆筒
• 贝希斯敦铭文

参考文献

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外部链接

• 世界上第一部关于人权的宪章 - 好读人文历史报 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• 大英博物馆一镇馆之宝将在美国巡展 - 英伦网
• Neil MacGregor, Director of the British Museum, traces 2600 years of Middle Eastern history through this single object. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）