抑郁

抑郁
	1892年被诊断患有忧郁症且伴随强烈自杀倾向人的石版画
症状	情绪低落，厌恶活动，失去兴趣，失去快乐的感觉
类型	心境障碍、neurological and physiological symptom[*]、疾病
肇因	脑化学、遗传学、生活事件、医疗条件、个性
风险因子	精神健康障碍的污名化
诊断方法	病人健康量表（英语：Patient Health Questionnaire）贝克抑郁量表
相似疾病或共病	焦虑、双相情绪障碍症、边缘型人格障碍
预防	社会关系、体育活动
治疗	心理治疗精神药理学
分类和外部资源
医学专科	精神病学，心理学
ICD-11	MB24.5
ICD-10	F3232、F3333
OMIM	608516
DiseasesDB	3589
MedlinePlus	003213
	[编辑此条目的维基数据]

抑郁或忧郁（英语：Depression）是一种情绪低落和厌恶活动的状态。^[3] 在医学上被归类为精神和行为障碍^[4]，抑郁的经历会影响一个人的思想、行为、动机、感觉和幸福感。^[5] 据称抑郁的核心症状是失乐，指的是对某些通常给人们带来快乐的活动失去兴趣或失去愉悦感。^[6] 抑郁情绪是某些情绪障碍的症状，如重度抑郁症或持续性忧郁症^[7]；它是对生活事件的正常暂时反应，如失去亲人；它也是一些身体疾病的症状，也是一些药物和医疗的副作用。它可能表现为悲伤、难以思考和集中注意力，食欲和睡眠时间显著增加或减少。患有抑郁的人可能会感到沮丧、绝望、无助^[8]^[9]和有自杀念头。^[10] 它可以是短期的，也可以是长期的情绪状态。

干预[编辑]

抑郁可能是对创伤性事件的正常反应，也可能由生理疾病或药物副作用引起，不一定需要针对性的医疗干预。长期持续的抑郁情绪则可能属于情感障碍，经诊断后可以通过治疗缓解。为均衡使用药物的风险和收益，不应对短期的抑郁情绪随意使用抗抑郁药。^[11]

体育运动有防止抑郁的效果。^[12]

参见[编辑]

重度抑郁症

参考文献[编辑]

引用[编辑]

^ Depression. Cleveland Clinic. 2022 [2022年6月9日]. （原始内容存档于2022年7月22日）.
^ Shrivastava A, Bureau Y, Rewari N, Johnston M. Clinical risk of stigma and discrimination of mental illnesses: Need for objective assessment and quantification. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2013年4月, 55 (2): 178–82. PMC 3696244 . PMID 23825855. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.111459.
^ NIMH » Depression Basics. www.nimh.nih.gov. 2016 [2020-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-16）.
^ Sartorius N, Henderson AS, Strotzka H, Lipowski Z, Yu-cun S, You-xin X, et al. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines (PDF). www.who.int World Health Organization: 30-1. [23 June 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-03-23）.
^ de Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P. Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. October 2019, 28 (5): 544–562. PMC 7032752 . PMID 29769159. doi:10.1017/S2045796018000227 .
^ Gilbert P. Psychotherapy and counselling for depression 3rd. Los Angeles: Sage. 2007. ISBN 978-1849203494. OCLC 436076587.
^ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association. 2013.
^ Irritability, Anger Indicators of Complex, Severe JENNYTAN1018THDepression. [2017-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-21）.
^ Depression (major depressive disorder). [2017-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-05）. Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters
^ NIMH · Depression. nimh.nih.gov. National Institute of Mental Health. [2017-05-19]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-11）.
^ Key priorities for implementation | Depression in adults: recognition and management | Guidance | NICE. www.nice.org.uk. [2019-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-21）.
^ Schuch, Felipe B.; Vancampfort, Davy; Firth, Joseph; Rosenbaum, Simon; Ward, Philip B.; Silva, Edson S.; Hallgren, Mats; Ponce De Leon, Antonio; Dunn, Andrea L. Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2018-7, 175 (7): 631–648 [2019-03-19]. ISSN 0002-953X. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194. （原始内容存档于2021-03-01）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)

来源[编辑]

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2000a.

[clevelandclinic-1] Depression. Cleveland Clinic. 2022 [2022年6月9日]. （原始内容存档于2022年7月22日）.

[shrivastavaA-2] Shrivastava A, Bureau Y, Rewari N, Johnston M. Clinical risk of stigma and discrimination of mental illnesses: Need for objective assessment and quantification. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2013年4月, 55 (2): 178–82. PMC 3696244 . PMID 23825855. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.111459.

[3] NIMH » Depression Basics. www.nimh.nih.gov. 2016 [2020-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-16）.

[4] Sartorius N, Henderson AS, Strotzka H, Lipowski Z, Yu-cun S, You-xin X, et al. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines (PDF). www.who.int World Health Organization: 30-1. [23 June 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-03-23）.

[5] Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P. Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. October 2019, 28 (5): 544–562. PMC 7032752 . PMID 29769159. doi:10.1017/S2045796018000227 .

[:1-6] Gilbert P. Psychotherapy and counselling for depression 3rd. Los Angeles: Sage. 2007. ISBN 978-1849203494. OCLC 436076587.

[DSM-5(2013)2-7] Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association. 2013.

[8] Irritability, Anger Indicators of Complex, Severe JENNYTAN1018THDepression. [2017-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-21）.

[9] Depression (major depressive disorder). [2017-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-05）. Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters

[10] NIMH · Depression. nimh.nih.gov. National Institute of Mental Health. [2017-05-19]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-11）.

[11] Key priorities for implementation | Depression in adults: recognition and management | Guidance | NICE. www.nice.org.uk. [2019-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-21）.

[12] Schuch, Felipe B.; Vancampfort, Davy; Firth, Joseph; Rosenbaum, Simon; Ward, Philip B.; Silva, Edson S.; Hallgren, Mats; Ponce De Leon, Antonio; Dunn, Andrea L. Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2018-7, 175 (7): 631–648 [2019-03-19]. ISSN 0002-953X. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194. （原始内容存档于2021-03-01）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)

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