枪支暴力

枪械暴力（英语：gun violence）字面上指使用枪械威胁、施以暴力或造成伤害。“枪械暴力”一词也泛用于枪枝政策辩论的背景以用来描述枪械泛滥所造成的伤害。枪械暴力可大致定义为利用火器进行暴力行为及犯罪的事实；该定义可^[1]或不可^[2]^[3]包括归类为自卫、执法行动或安全合法使用火器作为运动、打猎及打靶等的举动。枪械暴力包括两种蓄意犯罪：凶杀（尽管并非所有凶杀案都自动被视为犯罪）和以致命武器攻击及来自火器的不当使用造成的非蓄意伤害或死亡，这种情况在未成年人居多。^[4]定义上深一层的混乱往往是在枪械“暴力”上整个统计将涉及自我蓄意造成的枪伤数据（包括自杀及企图自杀）故意包括在内所造成的。^[5]

“枪械暴力”一词曾被评为有传达政策的倾向，因为该词将罪犯在暴力攻击中扮演的角色模糊化，反而强调他选择哪种工具；照这种用法，若在讨论汽机车撞人凶杀案时，也可使用“汽机车暴力”一词，故是不合理的。对比之下，“枪械犯罪”一语一直为枪械管制与拥枪权政策主张人士两者长年下来沿用，不过强调不同面相：前者强调透过颁布并坚持合理的法令来达成降低枪械暴力的目标，而后者则透过从重量刑或者其他方法支持扫除罪犯的需求。^[6]^[7]

枪械暴力在整个世界的水平差别很大，在南非和哥伦比亚发生率非常高，而泰国、瓜地马拉及许多其他发展中国家发生率则属高。^[8]新加坡、智利、新西兰和其他许多国家枪支暴力水平低。^[8]美国在已开发国家之中有著最高的发生率^[9]

参考资料[编辑]

^ Carter, Gregg Lee. Guns in American society: an encyclopedia of history, politics, culture, and the law. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. 2002: 262. ISBN 1-57607-268-1.
^ Theodore, Larissa. GUNS: A RIGHT OR A SOCIETAL ILL?. Beaver County Times and Allegheny Times. 2008-03-29 [2009-05-10]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-19）. Gun violence by definition is people breaking the law, and drugs are a huge part of it in inner cities...It's not the gun that is causing them to commit the act.
^ Courtesy link to archive.org copy of Michigan Partnership to Prevent Gun Violence: Statistics
^ Encyclopedia of Public Health: Gun Control^{[永久失效链接]}
^ Illinois Council Against Handgun Violence: Kids and Gun Violence （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ "About us," Brady Center to Prevent Violence, undated （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ "Targeting Criminals, not Gun Owners," NRA-ILA; 8/17/06 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2009-04-11.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 The Seventh United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1998 - 2000) (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). [2006-11-08]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-27）.
^ Cook, Philip J., Gun Violence: The Real Cost, Page 29. Oxford University Press, 2002

参见[编辑]

美国枪械暴力问题

[isbn1-57607-268-1-1] Carter, Gregg Lee. Guns in American society: an encyclopedia of history, politics, culture, and the law. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. 2002: 262. ISBN 1-57607-268-1.

[Theodore-2] Theodore, Larissa. GUNS: A RIGHT OR A SOCIETAL ILL?. Beaver County Times and Allegheny Times. 2008-03-29 [2009-05-10]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-19）. Gun violence by definition is people breaking the law, and drugs are a huge part of it in inner cities...It's not the gun that is causing them to commit the act.

[mppgv-3] Courtesy link to archive.org copy of Michigan Partnership to Prevent Gun Violence: Statistics

[eph-4] Encyclopedia of Public Health: Gun Control^{[永久失效链接]}

[ICHV-5] Illinois Council Against Handgun Violence: Kids and Gun Violence （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[6] "About us," Brady Center to Prevent Violence, undated （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[7] "Targeting Criminals, not Gun Owners," NRA-ILA; 8/17/06 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2009-04-11.

[unsurvey-8] 8.0 ^8.1 The Seventh United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1998 - 2000) (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). [2006-11-08]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-27）.

[9] Cook, Philip J., Gun Violence: The Real Cost, Page 29. Oxford University Press, 2002

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