三乙基鋁

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三乙基鋁
Skeletal formula of triethylaluminium dimer
Ball-and-stick model of the triethylaluminium dimer molecule
IUPAC名
Triethylalumane
別名 乙基鋁
識別
縮寫 TEA,[1] TEAl,[2] TEAL[3]
CAS號 97-93-8  checkY
PubChem 16682930
ChemSpider 10179159
SMILES
 
  • CC[Al](CC)CC
InChI
 
  • 1/3C2H5.Al/c3*1-2;/h3*1H2,2H3;/rC6H15Al/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3
InChIKey VOITXYVAKOUIBA-DVVALISXAR
EINECS 202-619-3
性質
化學式 C12H30Al2
摩爾質量 228.33 g·mol−1
外觀 無色液體
密度 0.8324 g·cm−3(25 °C)
熔點 −52.5 °C(220.7 K)[4]
沸點 128—130 °C(401—403 K)(50 mmHg)[5]
危險性
警示術語 R:R14 R17 R34
安全術語 S:S16 S43 S45
主要危害 易自燃
NFPA 704
4
3
3
 
閃點 −18 °C(255 K)
相關物質
相關化學品 三甲基鋁
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

三乙基鋁是一種金屬有機化合物,化學式為Al2(C2H5)6。它是揮發性的無色液體,遇空氣自燃。它可以純品保存於不鏽鋼容器中,或溶於烴類溶劑儲存。它是齊格勒-納塔催化劑的必要組分。[6]

製備[編輯]

三乙基鋁可由氫氣乙烯的化合反應製得:[7]

2 Al + 3 H2 + 6 C2H4 → Al2(C2H5)6

鋁粉和氯乙烷反應,得到倍半氯化乙基鋁英語Ethylaluminium sesquichloride,它經金屬還原後得到三乙基鋁:[8]

3 Al2Cl3(C2H5)3 + 9 Na → 2 Al2(C2H5)6 + 2 Al + 9 NaCl

此外,三丙基鋁和乙烯反應[6]二乙基汞[6]三乙基鎵[9]在加熱下和反應,也能製得三乙基鋁。

反應[編輯]

三乙基鋁的Al–C鍵具有極性,接受質子後放出乙烷[10]

Al2(C2H5)6 + 6 HX → 2 AlX3 + 6 C2H6

像醇或端基炔烴這樣的弱酸也能參與反應,例如它和異丙醇反應,得到二乙基異丙醇鋁;[11]苯乙炔反應,得到二乙基(苯乙炔基)鋁。[12]

它和四氯化錫乙醚中反應,得到三乙基氯化錫。[13]它和氯化鋅反應,生成二乙基鋅[7]

Al2(C2H5)6 + ZnCl2 → Zn(C2H5)2 + 2 (C2H5)2AlCl

參考文獻[編輯]

  1. ^ Mission Status Center, June 2, 2010, 1905 GMT頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), SpaceflightNow, accessed 2010-06-02, Quotation: "The flanges will link the rocket with ground storage tanks containing liquid oxygen, kerosene fuel, helium, gaserous nitrogen and the first stage ignitor source called triethylaluminum-triethylborane, better known as TEA-TAB."
  2. ^ Gulbrandsen Chemicals, Metal Alkyls: Triethylaluminum (TEAl). Gulbrandsen. [December 12, 2017]. (原始內容存檔於2017-12-13). Triethylaluminum (TEAl) is a pyrophoric liquid... 
  3. ^ Malpass, Dennis B.; Band, Elliot. Introduction to Industrial Polypropylene: Properties, Catalysts Processes. John Wiley & Sons. 2012. ISBN 9781118463208. 
  4. ^ Pitzer, Kenneth S.; Gutowsky, Herbert S. Electron-deficient molecules. II. Aluminum alkyls. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1946. 68: 2204-2209. ISSN: 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01215a027
  5. ^ Gallais, Fernand; de Loth, Philippe. Magnetooptical properties of two trialkylaluminums and of their addition compounds with aliphatic ethers. Compt. Rend., 1962. 255. 2755-2756.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 無機化學叢書 第二卷 鈹 鹼土金屬 硼 鋁 鎵分族. 科學出版社. pp 498. 7.3 有機鋁化合物
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Michael J. Krause, Frank Orlandi, Alfred T. Saurage, Joseph R. Zietz Jr. "Aluminum Compounds, Organic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. DOI: 10.1002/14356007.a01_543
  8. ^ Krause, M. J; Orlandi, F; Saurage, A T.; Zietz, J R, "Organic Aluminum Compounds" Wiley-Science 2002.
  9. ^ Starowieyski, Kazimierz; Kruk, Przemyslaw. Process for preparation of trialkylaluminum compounds from metallic aluminum by transmetalation with trialkylgallium compounds. 2006. PL 192855 B1.
  10. ^ Elschenbroich, C. 」Organometallics」 (2006) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. ISBN 978-3-527-29390-2
  11. ^ Kunicki, A. R.; Pasynkiewicz, S.; Jankowski, J.; Mank, B. Alkoxyalumoxanes (ROAlO)n - Synthesis and properties. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 2004. 78 (10): 1857-1864. ISSN: 0137-5083.
  12. ^ Kanbur, Uddhav; Ellern, Arkady; Sadow, Aaron D. Alkynylaluminum Synthesis Catalyzed by a Zwitterionic Neodymium(III) Heterobimetallic Compound. Organometallics, 2018. 37 (23): 4409-4414. ISSN: 0276-7333. doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00374
  13. ^ Neumann, Wilhelm P. Organotin compounds. I. New methods of preparation for tin tetraalkyls and alkyltin halides. Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1962. 653. 157-163. ISSN: 0075-4617.