方蟹總科

方蟹總科
	紫色食草蟹 Hemigrapsus nudus
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
亞門：	甲殼亞門 Crustacea
綱：	軟甲綱 Malacostraca
目：	十足目 Decapoda
亞目：	抱卵亞目 Pleocyemata
下目：	短尾下目 Brachyura
派：	真短尾派 Eubrachyura
亞派：	胸孔亞派 Thoracotrenmata
總科：	方蟹總科 Grapsoidea; Macleay（英語：Alexander Macleay）, 1838
科
	見內文

方蟹總科（學名：Grapsoidea）是十足目短尾下目下的一個總科，旗下包括有陸生、半陸生（當繁殖時會回到海裡）及水生等不同分類單元的品種。

方蟹總科的生活方式和生境多樣，包括陸地、河口半鹹水附近、深海熱泉旁等。長期以來該類群的分類和系統發育關係存在諸多爭議。^[1]

目前，方蟹科和斜紋蟹科之間的分別尚待修訂：因為科紋蟹科被發現了並非單系群的生物。同樣地，在相手蟹科之下同樣有幾個屬都有類似的問題^[2]^[3]^[4]。另外，沙蟹科是與方蟹科關係最密切的生物品種，事實上，這兩個物種是側系群的。因此，有建議這兩個科的物種應該合併^[4]。

分類[編輯]

方蟹總科可分為^[5]：

地蟹科 Gecarcinidae
雕方蟹科 Glyptograpsidae
方蟹科 Grapsidae
盾牌蟹科 Percnidae
- 盾牌蟹屬 Percnon Gistel, 1848
  - 短身盾牌蟹 Percnon abbreviatum (Dana, 1851)
  - Percnon affine (H.Milne Edwards, 1853)
  - Percnon gibbesi (H.Milne Edwards, 1853)
  - 單刺盾牌蟹 Percnon guinotae Crosnier, 1965
  - Percnon paleogenicus De Angeli, 2023
  - Percnon pascuensis Retamal, 2002
  - 裸掌盾牌蟹 Percnon planissimum (Herbst, 1804)
  - Percnon santurbanensis Ceccon & De Angeli, 2019
  - Percnon sinense Chen, 1977
斜紋蟹科 Plagusiidae
相手蟹科 Sesarmidae
弓蟹科 Varunidae
怪方蟹科 Xenograpsidae ：只有怪方蟹屬，原屬弓蟹科^[6]^[7]。
似扁方蟹科 Leptograpsodidae

參考文獻[編輯]

^ 白纹方蟹线粒体基因组全序列测定及方蟹总科比较分析. 水生生物學報. 2023-08-15, 47 (8): 1237–1247. doi:10.7541/2023.2022.0259.
^ Schubart, Christoph D.; Cuesta, José A.; Felder, Darryl L. GLYPTOGRAPSIDAE, A NEW BRACHYURAN FAMILY FROM CENTRAL AMERICA: LARVAL AND ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AND A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE GRAPSOIDEA. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 2002-02, 22 (1): 28–44. doi:10.1651/0278-0372(2002)022[0028:GANBFF]2.0.CO;2.
^ Schubart, Christoph D.; Liu, Hung-Chang & Cuesta, José A. (2003): A new genus and species of tree-climbing crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Taiwan with notes on its ecology and larval morphology. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51(1): 49-59. PDF fulltext （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Schubart, C. D.; Cannicci, S.; Vannini, M.; Fratini, S. Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allies based on two mitochondrial genes and a proposal for refraining from current superfamily classification. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 2006-08, 44 (3): 193–199. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00354.x.
^ Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838. WoRMS. [2023-12-28]. （原始內容存檔於2024-01-22）.
^ {{cite journal|journal=[[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology ||year=2009 |volume=Suppl. 21 |pages=1–109 |title=A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans |author=Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al. |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606064728/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-06 }}
^ {{cite journal|journal=[[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology ||year=2008 |volume=17 |pages=1–286 |title=Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world |author=Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606061453/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-06 }}

[1] 白纹方蟹线粒体基因组全序列测定及方蟹总科比较分析. 水生生物學報. 2023-08-15, 47 (8): 1237–1247. doi:10.7541/2023.2022.0259.

[2] Schubart, Christoph D.; Cuesta, José A.; Felder, Darryl L. GLYPTOGRAPSIDAE, A NEW BRACHYURAN FAMILY FROM CENTRAL AMERICA: LARVAL AND ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AND A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE GRAPSOIDEA. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 2002-02, 22 (1): 28–44. doi:10.1651/0278-0372(2002)022[0028:GANBFF]2.0.CO;2.

[3] Schubart, Christoph D.; Liu, Hung-Chang & Cuesta, José A. (2003): A new genus and species of tree-climbing crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Taiwan with notes on its ecology and larval morphology. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51(1): 49-59. PDF fulltext （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[Schubart2006-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Schubart, C. D.; Cannicci, S.; Vannini, M.; Fratini, S. Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allies based on two mitochondrial genes and a proposal for refraining from current superfamily classification. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 2006-08, 44 (3): 193–199. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00354.x.

[5] Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838. WoRMS. [2023-12-28]. （原始內容存檔於2024-01-22）.

[Grave-6] {{cite journal|journal=[[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology ||year=2009 |volume=Suppl. 21 |pages=1–109 |title=A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans |author=Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al. |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606064728/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-06 }}

[Ng-7] {{cite journal|journal=[[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology ||year=2008 |volume=17 |pages=1–286 |title=Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world |author=Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606061453/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-06 }}

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