樹蟾科

雨蛙科; 化石時期：57–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N 古新世 – 現今
	紅眼樹蛙
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	兩棲綱 Amphibia
目：	無尾目 Anura
亞目：	新蛙亞目 Neobatrachia
總科：	雨蛙總科 Hyloidea
科：	雨蛙科 Hylidae; Rafinesque, 1815
屬
	見內文
	樹蟾科的分佈

雨蛙科（學名：Hylidae）即樹蟾科，通稱為雨蛙、樹蟾、樹蛙。其類別分別頗大。棲息在樹上的雨蛙多是綠色的，然而在陸地上和水中的種顏色則較為暗淡。牠們大多數是以捕食昆蟲為生，但也有部份較大的種是依靠捕食小型脊椎動物為生。很多的雨蛙都不是棲息於樹上的，而是生長在陸地上或水中。圓蛙屬（Cyclorana）的蛙是較隱蔽的，有時牠們會隱藏在地下多年。

樹蟾的種類[編輯]

歐洲樹蟾，例如無斑雨蛙（Hyla arborea）是在中南美洲常見的蛙，並分佈在亞洲和非洲北部一帶。當將快下雨時，這種蛙會變得非常吵鬧，因此有時他們會被困著來作為一種晴雨表。

在北美洲有很多種類的樹蟾，包括灰樹蟾（Hyla versicolor），一種灰色的樹蟾，和美國樹蟾（Hyla cinerea），一種綠色的樹蟾。而春雨蛙（spring peeper）則普遍分佈在美國東部，並常會在夏天和春天晚上聽到牠們的聲音。

樹蟾（tree toad）是某些樹蟾科普遍的名稱。灰樹蟾是變色樹蟾，Trachycephalus lichenatus是地衣樹蟾，夜光蠑螺（T. marmoratus）是大理石樹蟾。

分類[編輯]

樹蟾科可以細分為4個亞科，和37至39屬。

澳雨蛙亞科（Pelodryadinae） (Austro-Papuan tree frogs)[編輯]

圓蛙屬 Cyclorana Steindachner, 1867，為Ranoidea Tschudi, 1838的異名
雨濱蛙屬 Litoria Tschudi, 1838^[1]
Nyctimystes

葉泡蛙亞科（Phyllomedusinae） (Leaf frogs)[編輯]

紅眼蛙屬 Agalychnis
克雨蛙屬 Cruziohyla
森雨蛙屬 Hylomantis Peters, 1873
葉蛙屬 Pachymedusa
灰樹蛙屬 Phasmahyla
趣葉蛙屬 Phrynomedusa
葉泡蛙屬 Phyllomedusa

擴角蛙亞科（Hemiphractinae）[編輯]

Cryptobatrachus
碟背蛙屬 Flectonotus
囊蛙屬 Gastrotheca
擴角蛙屬 Hemiphractus
斯蒂芬尼亞蛙屬 Stefania

雨蛙亞科（Hylinae）[編輯]

蝗蛙屬 Acris
Anotheca
Aparasphenodon
Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920
- Aparasphenodon arapapa Pimenta, Napoli & Haddad, 2009
- Aparasphenodon bokermanni Pombal, 1993
- Aparasphenodon brunoi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920
- Aparasphenodon pomba Assis, Santana, Silva, Quintela & Feio, 2013^[2]
- Aparasphenodon venezolanus (Mertens, 1950)
阿普拉雨蛙屬 Aplastodiscus
Argenteohyla
Bokermannohyla
Bromeliohyla
查拉雨蛙屬 Charadrahyla Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell & Wheeler, 2005
科里雨蛙屬 Corythomantis
Boulenger, 1896
- Corythomantis botoque Marques, Haddad & Garda, 2021
- Corythomantis galeata Pombal, Menezes, Fontes, Nunes, Rocha & Van Sluys, 2012
- Corythomantis greeningi Boulenger, 1896
丹傑雨蛙屬 Dendropsophus
Duellmanohyla
紋肢雨蛙屬 Ecnomiohyla Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell & Wheeler, 2005
Exerodonta
雨蛙屬 Hyla Laurenti, 1768^[3]
森躍蛙屬 Hyloscirtus Peters, 1882
Hypsiboas
Wagler, 1830
- Hypsiboas diabolicus^[4]
- Hypsiboas geographicus Fouquet et al., 2007 ^[4]
Isthmohyla
Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell & Wheeler, 2005
- Isthmohyla angustilineata (Taylor, 1952)
- Isthmohyla calypsa (Lips, 1996)
- Isthmohyla debilis (Taylor, 1952)
- Isthmohyla graceae (Myers & Duellman, 1982)
- Isthmohyla infucata (Duellman, 1968)
- Isthmohyla insolita (McCranie, Wilson & Williams, 1993)
- Isthmohyla lancasteri (Barbour, 1928)
- Isthmohyla picadoi (Dunn, 1937)
- Isthmohyla pictipes (Cope, 1875)
- Isthmohyla pseudopuma (Günther, 1901)
- Isthmohyla rivularis (Taylor, 1952)
- Isthmohyla tica (Starrett, 1966)
- Isthmohyla xanthosticta (Duellman, 1968)
- Isthmohyla zeteki (Gaige, 1929)
Itapotihyla
Lysapsus
Megastomatohyla
Myersiohyla
夜蛙屬 Nyctimantis
首蛙屬 Osteocephalus
Osteopilus
葉雨蛙屬 Phyllodytes
Plectrohyla
擬蝗蛙屬 Pseudacris
多指節蟾屬 Pseudis
Ptychohyla Taylor, 1944
Scarthyla
Scinax
Wagler, 1830
- Scinax acuminatus (Cope, 1862)
- Scinax albertinae Ferrão, Moravec, Ferreira, Moraes & Hanken, 2022
- Scinax altae (Dunn, 1933)
- Scinax alter (Lutz, 1973)
- Scinax auratus (Wied-Neuwied, 1821)
- Scinax baumgardneri (Rivero, 1961)
- Scinax blairi (Fouquette & Pyburn, 1972)
- Scinax boesemani (Goin, 1966)
- Scinax boulengeri (Cope, 1887)
- Scinax cabralensis Drummond, Baêta & Pires, 2007
- Scinax caldarum (Lutz, 1968)
- Scinax camposseabrai (Bokermann, 1968)
- Scinax caprarius Acosta-Galvis, 2018
- Scinax cardosoi (Carvalho-e-Silva & Peixoto, 1991)
- Scinax castroviejoi De la Riva, 1993
- Scinax chiquitanus (De la Riva, 1990)
- Scinax constrictus Lima, Bastos & Giaretta, 2005
- Scinax cretatus Nunes & Pombal, 2011
- Scinax crospedospilus (Lutz, 1925)
- Scinax cruentomma (Duellman, 1972)
- Scinax curicica Pugliese, Pombal & Sazima, 2004
- Scinax cuspidatus (Lutz, 1925)
- Scinax danae (Duellman, 1986)
- Scinax dolloi (Werner, 1903)
- Scinax duartei (Lutz, 1951)
- Scinax elaeochroa (Cope, 1875)
- Scinax eurydice (Bokermann, 1968)
- Scinax exiguus (Duellman, 1986)
- Scinax fontanarrosai Baldo, Araujo-Vieira, Cardozo, Borteiro, Leal, Pereyra, Kolenc, Lyra, Garcia, Haddad & Faivovich, 2019
- Scinax funereus (Cope, 1874)
- Scinax fuscomarginatus (Lutz, 1925)
- Scinax fuscovarius (Lutz, 1925)
- Scinax garbei (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)
- Scinax granulatus (Gallardo, 1961)
- Scinax granulatus (Peters, 1871)
- Scinax haddadorum Araujo-Vieira, Valdujo & Faivovich, 2016
- Scinax hayii (Barbour, 1909)
- Scinax ictericus Duellman & Wiens, 1993
- Scinax imbegue Nunes, Kwet & Pombal, 2012
- Scinax iquitorum Moravec, Tuanama, Pérez-Peña & Lehr, 2009
- Scinax jolyi Lescure & Marty, 2000
- Scinax juncae Nunes & Pombal, 2010
- Scinax juruenaFerrão, Hanken, Oda, Campião, Penhacek, Anjos & Rodrigues. 2024^[5]
- Scinax karenanneae (Pyburn, 1993)
- Scinax kennedyi (Pyburn, 1973)
- Scinax lindsayi Pyburn, 1992
- Scinax madeirae (Bokermann, 1964)
- Scinax manriquei Barrio-Amorós, Orellana & Chacón-Ortiz, 2004
- Scinax maracaya (Cardoso & Sazima, 1980)
- Scinax montivagus Juncá, Napoli, Nunes, Mercês & Abreu, 2015
- Scinax nasicus (Cope, 1862)
- Scinax nebulosus (Spix, 1824)
- Scinax onca Ferrão, Moravec, Fraga, Pinheiro de Almeida, Kaefer & Lima, 2017
- Scinax oreites Duellman & Wiens, 1993
- Scinax pachycrus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)
- Scinax pedromedinae (Henle, 1991)
- Scinax perereca Pombal, Haddad & Kasahara, 1995
- Scinax pixinguinha Lacerda, Ferreira, Araujo-Vieira, Zocca & Lourenço, 2021
- Scinax proboscideus (Brongersma, 1933)
- Scinax pyroinguinis Chávez, Aznaran, García-Ayachi & Catenazzi, 2023
- Scinax quinquefasciatus (Fowler, 1913)
- Scinax rogerioi Pugliese, Baêta & Pombal, 2009
- Scinax rossaferesae Conte, Araujo-Vieira, Crivellari & Berneck, 2016
- Scinax rostratus (Peters, 1863)
- Scinax ruber (Laurenti, 1768)
- Scinax ruberoculatus Ferrão, Fraga, Moravec, Kaefer & Lima, 2018
- Scinax rupestris Araujo-Vieira, Brandão & Faria, 2015
- Scinax sateremawe Sturaro & Peloso, 2014
- Scinax similis (Cochran, 1952)
- Scinax squalirostris (Lutz, 1925)
- Scinax staufferi (Cope, 1865)
- Scinax strussmannae Ferrão, Moravec, Kaefer, Fraga & Lima, 2018
- Scinax sugillatus (Duellman, 1973)
- Scinax tigrinus Nunes, Carvalho & Pereira, 2010
- Scinax tropicalia Novaes-E-Fagundes, Araujo-Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Roberto, Orrico, Solé, Haddad & Loebmann, 2021
- Scinax tsachila Ron, Duellman, Caminer & Pazmiño, 2018
- Scinax tymbamirim Nunes, Kwet & Pombal, 2012
- Scinax villasboasi Brusquetti, Jansen, Barrio-Amorós, Segalla & Haddad, 2014
- Scinax wandae (Pyburn & Fouquette, 1971)
- Scinax x-signatus (Spix, 1824)
Smilisca
Sphaenorhynchus
Tschudi, 1838
- Sphaenorhynchus botocudo Caramaschi, Almeida & Gasparini, 2009
- Sphaenorhynchus bromelicola Bokermann, 1966
- Sphaenorhynchus cammaeus Roberto, Araujo-Vieira, Carvalho-e-Silva & Ávila, 2017
- Sphaenorhynchus canga Araujo-Vieira, Lacerda, Pezzuti, Leite, Assis & Cruz, 2015
- Sphaenorhynchus caramaschii Toledo, Garcia, Lingnau & Haddad, 2007
- Sphaenorhynchus carneus (Cope, 1868)
- Sphaenorhynchus dorisae (Goin, 1957)
- Sphaenorhynchus lacteus (Daudin, 1800)
- Sphaenorhynchus mirim Caramaschi, Almeida & Gasparini, 2009
- Sphaenorhynchus palustris Bokermann, 1966
- Sphaenorhynchus pauloalvini Bokermann, 1973
- Sphaenorhynchus planicola (Lutz & Lutz, 1938)
- Sphaenorhynchus platycephalus (Werner, 1894)
- Sphaenorhynchus prasinus Bokermann, 1973
- Sphaenorhynchus surdus (Cochran, 1953)
Tepuihyla
Ayarzagüena, Señaris & Gorzula, 1993
- Tepuihyla aecii (Ayarzagüena, Señaris & Gorzula, 1993)
- Tepuihyla edelcae (Ayarzagüena, Señaris & Gorzula, 1993)
- Tepuihyla exophthalma (Smith & Noonan, 2001)
- Tepuihyla luteolabris (Ayarzagüena, Señaris & Gorzula, 1993)
- Tepuihyla obscura Kok, Ratz, Tegelaar, Aubret & Means, 2015
- Tepuihyla rodriguezi (Rivero, 1968)
- Tepuihyla shushupe Ron, Venegas, Ortega-Andrade, Gagliardi-Urrutia & Salerno, 2016^[6]
- Tepuihyla tuberculosa (Boulenger, 1882)^[6]
- Tepuihyla warreni (Duellman & Hoogmoed, 1992)
Tlalocohyla
Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell & Wheeler, 2005
- Tlalocohyla celeste Varela-Soto, Abarca, Brenes-Mora, Aspinall, Leenders & Shepack, 2022
- Tlalocohyla godmani (Günther, 1901)
- Tlalocohyla loquax (Gaige & Stuart, 1934)
- Tlalocohyla picta (Günther, 1901)
- Tlalocohyla smithii (Boulenger, 1902)
Trachycephalus
Triprion
Xenohyla

參考[編輯]

This article incorporates text from the Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921).

^ Tschudi, J. J. (1838). Classification der Batrachier, mit Berücksichtigung der fossilen Thiere dieser Abtheilung der Reptilien. Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchâtel. 2:1-100.
^ Assis, Clodoaldo L. DE, Diego J. Santana, Fabiano A. D. Silva, Fernando M. Quintela and Renato N. Feio. 2013. A New and Possibly Critically Endangered Species of Casque-headed Tree Frog Aparasphenodon Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura, Hylidae) from southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa. 3716(4); 583-591. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3716.4.6
^ Laurenti, J. N. (1768). Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austracorum, quod authoritate et consensu. Vienna, Joan. Thomae. 217 pp.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Antoine Fouquet, Quentin Martinez, Lauren Zeidler, Elodie Courtois, P. Gaucher, Michel Blanc, Jucivaldo Dias Lima, Sergio Marques Souza, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues and Philippe J. R. Kok. 2016. Cryptic Diversity in the Hypsiboas semilineatus species group (Amphibia, Anura) with the Description of A New Species from the eastern Guiana Shield. ZOOTAXA. 4084(1):79-104. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4084.1.3
^ Miquéias Ferrão, James Hanken, Fabrício H. Oda, Karla M. Campião, Marcos Penhacek, Samuel Anjos and Domingo J. Rodrigues. 2024. A New snouted Treefrog (Anura, Hylidae, Scinax) from fluvial Islands of the Juruena River, southern Brazilian Amazonia. PLoS ONE. 19(1): e0292441. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292441
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Santiago R. Ron, Pablo J. Venegas, H. Mauricio Ortega-Andrade, Giussepe Gagliardi-Urrutia and Patricia E. Salerno. 2016. Systematics of Ecnomiohyla tuberculosa with the Description of A New Species and Comments on the Taxonomy of Trachycephalus typhonius (Anura, Hylidae). ZooKeys. 630: 115-154. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.630.9298

外部連結[編輯]

[1] Tschudi, J. J. (1838). Classification der Batrachier, mit Berücksichtigung der fossilen Thiere dieser Abtheilung der Reptilien. Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchâtel. 2:1-100.

[2] Assis, Clodoaldo L. DE, Diego J. Santana, Fabiano A. D. Silva, Fernando M. Quintela and Renato N. Feio. 2013. A New and Possibly Critically Endangered Species of Casque-headed Tree Frog Aparasphenodon Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura, Hylidae) from southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa. 3716(4); 583-591. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3716.4.6

[3] Laurenti, J. N. (1768). Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austracorum, quod authoritate et consensu. Vienna, Joan. Thomae. 217 pp.

[Fouquet-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Antoine Fouquet, Quentin Martinez, Lauren Zeidler, Elodie Courtois, P. Gaucher, Michel Blanc, Jucivaldo Dias Lima, Sergio Marques Souza, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues and Philippe J. R. Kok. 2016. Cryptic Diversity in the Hypsiboas semilineatus species group (Amphibia, Anura) with the Description of A New Species from the eastern Guiana Shield. ZOOTAXA. 4084(1):79-104. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4084.1.3

[5] Miquéias Ferrão, James Hanken, Fabrício H. Oda, Karla M. Campião, Marcos Penhacek, Samuel Anjos and Domingo J. Rodrigues. 2024. A New snouted Treefrog (Anura, Hylidae, Scinax) from fluvial Islands of the Juruena River, southern Brazilian Amazonia. PLoS ONE. 19(1): e0292441. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292441

[Ron-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Santiago R. Ron, Pablo J. Venegas, H. Mauricio Ortega-Andrade, Giussepe Gagliardi-Urrutia and Patricia E. Salerno. 2016. Systematics of Ecnomiohyla tuberculosa with the Description of A New Species and Comments on the Taxonomy of Trachycephalus typhonius (Anura, Hylidae). ZooKeys. 630: 115-154. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.630.9298

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