海天牛屬

海天牛屬
	華麗海天牛
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱：	腹足綱 Gastropoda
總目：	囊舌類 Sacoglossa
科：	海天牛科 Plakobranchidae
屬：	海天牛屬 Elysia; Risso, 1818
物種
	見內文
異名
	Actaeon Rang, 1829; Elysiella Verrill, 1872; Elysiella Bergh, 1871; Pterogasteron Pease, 1860; Thridachia P. Fischer, 1883; Tridachia Deshayes, 1857; Tridachiella MacFarland, 1924;

海天牛屬（Elysia）是海天牛科下的一個屬，其下物種與裸鰓亞目生物外形相似，但並沒有太多的親緣關係^[1]。海天牛屬下的許多生物都有盜食體質，可吸收藻類的葉綠體化為己用，時效長達數月之久。不過至今其具體機制還不清楚。^[2]

種[編輯]

海天牛屬下的種包括^[1]^[3]

Elysia abei Baba, 1955
Elysia amakusana Baba, 1955
Elysia annedupontae Ortea, Caballer, Moro & Espinosa, 2005
Elysia asbecki Wagele, Stemmer, Burghardt & Handeler, 2010^[4]
Elysia atroviridis Baba, 1955
Elysia australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1832
Elysia babai Pruvot-Fol, 1946
Elysia bangtawaensis Swennen, 1997
Elysia bella Pease, 1860
Elysia bennettae Thompson, 1973
Elysia canguzua Er. Marcus, 1955
Elysia catulus Gould, 1870
長角海天牛 Elysia chilkensis Eliot, 1916
Elysia chitwa Er. Marcus, 1955
綠葉海天牛 Elysia chlorotica Gould, 1870
Elysia clarki Pierce, Curtis, Massey, Bass, Karl & Finney, 2006
Elysia coodgeensis (Angas, 1864)
Elysia cornigera Nuttall, 1989
Elysia crispata Mørch, 1863^[5]（圖片（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館））
Elysia deborahae Ortea, Caballer, Moro & Espinosa, 2005
Elysia degeneri Ostergaard, 1955
Elysia diomedea (Bergh, 1894)
Elysia eugeniae Ortea & Esponosa, 2002
Elysia evelinae Marcus, 1957
Elysia expansa (O'Donoghue, 1924)
Elysia fezi Vilella, 1968
Elysia filicauda Jensen & Wells, 1990
Elysia flava Verrill, 1901
Elysia flavipunctata Ichikawa, 1993
Elysia flavomacula Jensen, 1990
Elysia furvacauda Burn, 1958
Elysia gordanae Thompson & Jaklin, 1988
Elysia grandifolia Kelaart, E.F. 1858
Elysia grandis Bergh, 1872
Elysia haingsisiana Bergh, 1905
Elysia halimedae Macnae, 1954
Elysia hamatanii Baba, 1957
Elysia hedgpethi Er. Marcus, 1961
Elysia hendersoni Eliot, 1899
Elysia hetta Perrone, 1990
Elysia hirasei Baba, 1955
日本海天牛 Elysia japonica Eliot, 1913
Elysia kushimotoensis Baba, 1957
Elysia leucolegnote Jensen, 1990
Elysia lobata Gould, 1852
Elysia macnaei Marcus, 1982
Elysia manriquei Ortea & Moro, 2009
Elysia maoria Powell, 1937
Elysia marcusi Marcus, 1972 ^[6]
Elysia margaritae Fez, 1962
Elysia mercieri Pruvot-Fol, 1930
Elysia minima Ichikawa, 1993
Elysia nealae Ostergaard, 1955
Elysia nigrocapitata Baba, 1957
Elysia nigropunctata Pease, 1871
Elysia nisbeti Thompson, 1977
Elysia obtusa Baba, 1938
Elysia oerstedii Mørch, 1859
華麗海天牛 Elysia ornata Swainson, 1840
Elysia papillosa A. E. Verrill, 1901
Elysia patagonica Munian & Ortea, 1997
Elysia patina
Ev. Marcus, 1980
- Elysia picta A. E. Verrill, 1901
Elysia pilosa Risbec, 1928
Elysia pratensis Ortea & Espinosa, 1996
Elysia punctata Kelaart, 1857
Elysia purchoni Thompson, 1977
Elysia pusilla Bergh, 1872
Elysia rufescens Pease, 1871
Elysia scops Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967
Elysia serca Er. Marcus, 1955
Elysia setoensis Hamatani, 1968
Elysia siamensis Swennen, 1997
Elysia slimora Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1966
Elysia stylifera Jensen, 1997
Elysia subornata A. E. Verrill, 1901
Elysia sugashimae Baba, 1955
Elysia thompsoni Jensen, 1993
Elysia timida Risso, 1818
Elysia tokarensis Baba, 1957
Elysia tomentosa Jensen, 1997
Elysia translucens Pruvot-Fol, 1957
Elysia trilobata Heller & Thompson, 1983
Elysia trisinuata Baba, 1949
Elysia tuca Ev. Marcus and Er. Marcus, 1967
Elysia verrucosa Jensen, 1985
Elysia viridis Montagu, 1804
Elysia vreelandae Marcus & Marcus, 1970
Elysia yaeyamana Baba, 1936
Elysia zuleicae Ortea & Espinosa, 2002

被劃分到其他屬的生物：

Elysia arena Carlson & Hoff, 1978：Pattyclaya arena的異名 Carlson & Hoff, 1978
Elysia gracilis Risbec, 1928：Thuridilla gracilis的異名 Risbec, 1928
Elysia picta A. E. Verrill, 1901：Thuridilla picta的異名 A. E. Verrill, 1901
Elysia splendida Grube, 1861：Thuridilla hopei的異名 Vérany, 1853
Elysia vataae Risbec, 1928：Thuridilla vataae的異名 Risbec, 1928

參考文獻[編輯]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Bouchet, Gofas S. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 編. Elysia Risso, 1818. MolluscaBase. 2017-12-09 [2018-05-15] –透過WoRMS.
^ BBC News item. [2014-02-25]. （原始內容存檔於2013-08-17）.
^ Elysia. ITIS.
^ Wagele, H., Stemmer, K., Burghardt, I., & Handeler, K. (2010). "Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology." [[Zootaxa |2676 (2010): 1-28.
^ Patrick J. Krug, Jann E. Vendetti and Ángel A Valdés. 2016. Molecular and Morphological Systematics of Elysia Risso, 1818 (Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa) from the Caribbean region. Zootaxa. 4148(1) DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4148.1.1
^ Händeler K., Grzymbowski Y. P., Krug P. J. & Wägele H. (2009) "Functional chloroplasts in metazoan cells - a unique evolutionary strategy in animal life". [[Frontiers in Zoology |6: 28. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-6-28 PMID 19951407.

擴展閱讀[編輯]

Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
Jensen K.R. (2007) Biogeography of the Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 55:255–281
Händeler K. & Wägele H. (2007) Preliminary study on molecular phylogeny of Sacoglossa and a compilation of their food organisms. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 55: 231-254.

外部連結[編輯]

YouTube上的Video of Elysia diomedea in Costa Rica

[WoRMS_137928-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Bouchet, Gofas S. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 編. Elysia Risso, 1818. MolluscaBase. 2017-12-09 [2018-05-15] –透過WoRMS.

[2] BBC News item. [2014-02-25]. （原始內容存檔於2013-08-17）.

[ITIS_77938-3] Elysia. ITIS.

[4] Wagele, H., Stemmer, K., Burghardt, I., & Handeler, K. (2010). "Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology." [[Zootaxa |2676 (2010): 1-28.

[5] Patrick J. Krug, Jann E. Vendetti and Ángel A Valdés. 2016. Molecular and Morphological Systematics of Elysia Risso, 1818 (Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa) from the Caribbean region. Zootaxa. 4148(1) DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4148.1.1

[Händeler_2009-6] Händeler K., Grzymbowski Y. P., Krug P. J. & Wägele H. (2009) "Functional chloroplasts in metazoan cells - a unique evolutionary strategy in animal life". [[Frontiers in Zoology |6: 28. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-6-28 PMID 19951407.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]