胡蜂科

胡蜂科
	德國黃胡蜂
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：	昆蟲綱 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
總科：	胡蜂總科 Vespoidea
科：	胡蜂科 Vespidae
亞科
	蜾蠃亞科 Eumeninae; Euparagiinae; Masarinae; Polistinae; Stenogastrinae; Vespinae

胡蜂科（Vespidae）是膜翅目胡蜂總科下的一個大科，其下有將近五千種生物，既有群居的蜂；也有獨居的蜂。其下的多種生物都是花粉的傳播者^[1]。

胡蜂科下的馬蜂亞科（Polistinae）和胡蜂亞科（Vespinae）全部是群居性生物，而蜾蠃亞科、Euparagiinae和Masarinae與之完全相反，全部是獨居生物。只有狹腹胡蜂亞科的生物二者兼具。

馬蜂亞科和胡蜂亞科的生物並不直接取用獵物，而是在將其餵給幼蟲後食用幼蟲排出的含有高氨基酸的液體^[2]。

下屬分類[編輯]

本科包括以下屬：^[3]

Acarepipona Giordani Soika, 1985
Acutopterocheilus Kurzenko, 1988
Aethiopicodynerus Gusenleitner, 1997
Agalaia
Agelaia Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836
Alastoroides Saussure, 1856
Alivespa Wu et al., 2020
Alpha Dalla Torre, 1904
Alstor
Ancistrocerus Wesmael, 1836
Ancystrocerus Dalla Torre, 1894
Angiopolybia Araujo, 1946
Anischnogaster
Anthreneida White, 1841
Apoica Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836
Archaeovespa Wu et al., 2020
Asiapterocheilus Kurzenko, 1988
Asteloeca Raw, 1985
Atropancistrocerus Blüthgen, 1938
Baeoprymna Cameron, 1912
Beta Dalla Torre, 1904
Brachygastra Perty, 1833
Caba Ihering, 1904
Cesachilus Koçak et Kemal, 2010
Chalogaster Carpenter et Starr, 2000
Chartergellus Bequaert, 1938
Charterginus Fox, 1898
Chatergellus
Clypearia de Saussure, 1854
Clypeopolybia Brèthes, 1923
Covextrocerus
Curiosavespa
Curiosivespa Rasnitsyn, 1975
Cyanotiphia Cameron, 1907
Cyrtalabulus
Deuterapoica Dalla Torre, 1904
Deuterepipona Blüthgen, 1951
Didymogastra Perty, 1833
Dolchivespula
長黃胡蜂屬 Dolichovespula Rohwer, 1916
Duckea Silveira, 2008
Emeryrhynchium Gusenleitner, 2007
Epicnemius Richards, 1973
Epipona Latreille, 1802
Estiella Giordani Soika, 1992
Eualastor Dalla Torre, 1904
Euceramius Dalla Torre, 1904
Euleptochilus Bluthgen, 1943
Eumenes Latreille, 1802
Eumenidium
Eumontezumia Dalla Torre, 1904
Euodynerus Dalla Torre, 1904
Eupolybia Dalla Torre, 1904
Eurrhynchium Dalla Torre, 1904
Eustennogaster ，也拼作 Eustenogaster
Eusynagris Dalla Torre, 1904
Extraepipona Gusenleitner, 2014
Extreuodynerus Gusenleitner, 2007
Fuscopolistes Richards, 1973
Ghilarocheilus Kurzenko, 1988
Gibberrhynchium Gusenleitner, 2002
Gibbodynerus Gusenleitner, 2000
Gnatho Klug, 1810
Gribodiana Gusenleitner, 2011
Gymnopolybia Ducke, 1914
Hymenosmithia Dalla Torre, 1904
Hypalastoroidwes
Hypodynerus Saussure, 1855
Icaria de Saussure, 1853
Icariastrum Dalla Torre, 1904
Immutatus Gusenleitner, 2011
Indodynerus Gusenleitner, 2008
Ischnogaster
Ischogasteroides
Kalliepipona Giordani Soika, 1952
Leipomeles Möbius, 1856
Leptocilus
Leptopolistes Blüthgen, 1943
Lionotus Thomson, 1870
Liostenogaster
Marimbonda Richards, 1978
Masariella Brauns, 1905
Megacanothopus
Megacanthopus Ducke, 1904
Megaodynerus
Megapterocheilus Bohart, 1940
Melissaia Shuckard, 1841
Metapolybia Ducke, 1905
Metischnogaster
Micropterocheilus Bohart, 1940
Mischocyttarius
Mischocyttarus Saussure, 1853
Mischocyttarys
Mischocyytarus
Monacanthocnemis Ducke, 1905
Monerebia Saussure, 1852
Monoplomerus Blüthgen, 1941
Myrapetra White, 1841
Myraptera Curtis, 1844
Nectarina Shuckard, 1840
Nectarinella Bequaert, 1938
Neodiscoelius Stange, 1979
Neopterocheilus Kurzenko, 1988
Nicastrocerus
Norteumenes Gusenleitner et Gusenleitner, 2013
Nygmopolistes Richards, 1973
Odnyerus
Odynerus Latreille, 1802
Okinawepipona Nguyen, Nguyen et Bozdoğan, 2018
Onchopterocheilus Bohart, 1940
Onerarius Richards, 1973
Orientalicesa Koçak et Kemal, 2010
Pachyodynerus
Palaeopolistes Perrard et Carpenter, 2014
Palaeopolybia Antropov, 2014
古黃蜂屬 Palaeovespa Cockerell, 1906
Palisotius Richards, 1973
Paraceramius Saussure, 1855
Parachartergus R.von Ihering, 1904
Paraicaria Gribodo, 1892
Parapolybia Saussure, 1854
Pararhaphidoglossa von Schulthess, 1910
Parastalor Blöthgen, 1939
Parasymmorphus Gumming & van der Vecht, 1986
Paratropancistrocerus Blüthgen, 1938
Paravespa Bell, 1936
側狹腹胡蜂屬 Parischnogaster Schulthess, 1914
Polistarchus Richards, 1973
Polistoides Dalla Torre, 1904
Polistoides Reemer
Polistratus Cameron, 1906
Polybia Richards, 1978
Polybioides Buysson, 1913
Priorparagia Brothers et Rasnitsyn, 2008
Priorvespa Carpenter et Rasnitsyn, 1990
Protapoica Dalla Torre, 1904
Protonectarina Ducke, 1910
Protopolistes Antropov, 2014
Protopolybia Ducke, 1905
Protovespa Perrard et Carpenter, 2017
Provespa Ashmead, 1903
Pseudepipona Blüthgen, 1938
Pseudochartergus Ducke, 1905
Pseudomicrodyneru
Pseudonortonia Giordani Soika, 1936
Pseudopolybia de Saussure, 1863
Pseudopterochilus Kostuilev, 1940
Pseudpolistes
Psiloglossa Dalla Torre, 1894
Rethus
Rhaphidoglossa Dalla Torre, 1894
鈴腹胡蜂屬 Ropalidia Guérin-Méneville, 1831
Sarochilus Gusenleitner, 1970
Saryara Kuznetzov, 1923
Saussurea Silveira, 2008
Scytokeraia Cooper, 1997
Sibyllina Westwood, 1868
Simplepipona Gusenleitner, 2004
Smithia Saussure, 1855
Sphaerancistrocerus Antropov, 2014
Stelopolybia Ducke, 1910
Stenancistrocerus Blüthgen, 1938
Stenochilus Giordani Soika, 1987
Stenodyneroides Giordani Soika, 1940
Stenodyneru
Stenogaster Guérin, 1831
Sybillina Dalla Torre, 1894
Synoeca de Saussure, 1852
Synoecoides Ducke, 1905
Tanyzethus Cameron, 1910
Tatua Saussure, 1854
Tetrarthra Dalla Torre, 1904
Triarthra Dalla Torre, 1904
Trichinothorax Carpenter et Day, 1988
Trichothorax Richards, 1978
Ubirodynerus Borsato, 1994
Vespa Linnaeus, 1758
Vespula Thomson, 1869
Wettsteinia Dalla Torre, 1904
Zetamenes Bertoni, 1925
Zethoides Fox, 1899

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Sühs, R.B.; Somavilla, A.; Putzke, J.; Köhler, A. 2009.Pollen vector wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Brazilian Journal of Biosciences 7, n. 2, p. 138-143.
^ Hunt, J. H., I. Baker, and H. G. Baker. 1982. Similarity of amino acids in nectar and larval saliva: the nutritional basis for trophallaxis in social wasps. Evolution 36: 1318-1322
^ Vespidae. GBIF. [2022-12-16]. （原始內容存檔於2023-07-18）.

外部連結[編輯]

[1] Sühs, R.B.; Somavilla, A.; Putzke, J.; Köhler, A. 2009.Pollen vector wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Brazilian Journal of Biosciences 7, n. 2, p. 138-143.

[2] Hunt, J. H., I. Baker, and H. G. Baker. 1982. Similarity of amino acids in nectar and larval saliva: the nutritional basis for trophallaxis in social wasps. Evolution 36: 1318-1322

[3] Vespidae. GBIF. [2022-12-16]. （原始內容存檔於2023-07-18）.

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