膜生植物

膜生植物
	膜生植物的例子，左上：Cycas circinalis（英語：Cycas circinalis）; 右上：Chara globularis；左下：各種苔蘚; 右下：北美多足蕨
科學分類
演化支：	多貌生物 Diaphoretickes
演化支：	原始色素體生物 Archaeplastida
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	鏈型植物 Streptophyta
演化支：	膜生植物 Phragmoplastophyta; Lecointre & Guyader 2006
Subclades
	輪藻綱; 鞘毛藻綱; 雙星藻目; 中帶藻科; 有胚植物 (陸生植物);

膜生植物（學名：Phragmoplastophyta，Lecointre & Guyader 2006）或者鏈形植物 （學名：Streptophytina ，Lewis & McCourt 2004，包括：鞘毛藻、鼓藻（英語：Zygnematophyceae）和中帶藻科）是鏈絲藻科的一個演化支，屬於鏈型植物/輪藻門^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] 。膜生植物包括輪藻綱和一個尚未命名的分支，包括：鞘毛藻綱、雙星藻綱、中帶藻科和有胚植物（陸生植物）。這是綠藻內陸生植物出現的重要步驟。這相當於ZCC clade/grade，支序分類學中的有胚植物^[5] 。

膜生植物通過有絲分裂形成成膜體（英語：phragmoplast）。

以下是基於分子數據對綠藻關係的重建。^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[2]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]

綠色植物/

Mesostigmatophyceae（英語：Mesostigmatophyceae）

	Spirotaenia（英語：Spirotaenia）

	Chlorokybophyceae（英語：Chlorokybophyceae）

膜生植物

	雙星藻目

	中帶藻科

有胚植物（陸生植物）

輪藻門（傳統分類）

綠藻（傳統分類）

參考[編輯]

^ Lecointre, Guillaume; Guyader, Hervé Le. The Tree of Life: A Phylogenetic Classification. Harvard University Press. 2006: 158. ISBN 9780674021839 （英語）. Phragmoplastophyta.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Adl, Sina M.; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; Lane, Christopher E.; Lukeš, Julius; Bass, David; Bowser, Samuel S.; Brown, Matthew W.; Burki, Fabien; Dunthorn, Micah. The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 2012-09-01, 59 (5): 429–514. ISSN 1550-7408. PMC 3483872 . PMID 23020233. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x （英語）.
^ Silar, Philippe, Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes, HAL Archives-ouvertes, 2016: 1–462 [2021-10-29], （原始內容存檔於2016-05-13）
^ Streptophyta - NCBI Taxonomy - Overview - Encyclopedia of Life. Encyclopedia of Life. [2017-09-10]. （原始內容存檔於2018-10-07）（英語）.
^ Gould, Sven B.; Archibald, John M.; Stanton, Amanda; Vries, Jan de. Streptophyte Terrestrialization in Light of Plastid Evolution. Trends in Plant Science. 2016-06-01, 21 (6): 467–476 [2021-10-29]. ISSN 1360-1385. PMID 26895731. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.021. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-08）（英語）.
^ Leliaert, Frederik; Smith, David R.; Moreau, Hervé; Herron, Matthew D.; Verbruggen, Heroen; Delwiche, Charles F.; De Clerck, Olivier. Phylogeny and Molecular Evolution of the Green Algae (PDF). Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 2012, 31: 1–46 [2021-10-29]. S2CID 17603352. doi:10.1080/07352689.2011.615705. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2015-06-26）.
^ Marin, Birger. Nested in the Chlorellales or Independent Class? Phylogeny and Classification of the Pedinophyceae (Viridiplantae) Revealed by Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of Complete Nuclear and Plastid-encoded rRNA Operons. Protist. 2012, 163 (5): 778–805. PMID 22192529. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.11.004.
^ Laurin-Lemay, Simon; Brinkmann, Henner; Philippe, Hervé. Origin of land plants revisited in the light of sequence contamination and missing data. Current Biology. 2012, 22 (15): R593–R594. PMID 22877776. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.013 .
^ Leliaert, Frederik; Tronholm, Ana; Lemieux, Claude; Turmel, Monique; DePriest, Michael S.; Bhattacharya, Debashish; Karol, Kenneth G.; Fredericq, Suzanne; Zechman, Frederick W. Chloroplast phylogenomic analyses reveal the deepest-branching lineage of the Chlorophyta, Palmophyllophyceae class. nov.. Scientific Reports. 2016-05-09, 6: 25367. Bibcode:2016NatSR...625367L. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4860620 . PMID 27157793. doi:10.1038/srep25367 （英語）.
^ Cook, Martha E.; Graham, Linda E. Archibald, John M.; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; Slamovits, Claudio H. , 編. Handbook of the Protists. Springer International Publishing. 2017: 185–204. ISBN 9783319281476. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28149-0_36 （英語）.
^ Lewis, Louise A.; Richard M. McCourt. Green algae and the origin of land plants. 美國植物學期刊. 2004, 91 (10): 1535–1556 [2021-10-29]. PMID 21652308. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535. （原始內容 (abstract)存檔於2011-02-21）.
^ Ruhfel, Brad R.; Gitzendanner, Matthew A.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Burleigh, J. Gordon. From algae to angiosperms–inferring the phylogeny of green plants (Viridiplantae) from 360 plastid genomes. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2014-02-17, 14: 23. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3933183 . PMID 24533922. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-23.
^ Umen, James G. Green Algae and the Origins of Multicellularity in the Plant Kingdom. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2014-11-01, 6 (11): a016170. ISSN 1943-0264. PMC 4413236 . PMID 25324214. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016170 （英語）.
^ de Vries, Jan; Archibald, John M.; Gould, Sven B. The Carboxy Terminus of YCF1 Contains a Motif Conserved throughout >500 Myr of Streptophyte Evolution. Genome Biology and Evolution. 2017-02-01, 9 (2): 473–479. PMC 5381667 . PMID 28164224. doi:10.1093/gbe/evx013 （英語）.
^ Sánchez-Baracaldo, Patricia; Raven, John A.; Pisani, Davide; Knoll, Andrew H. Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited low-salinity habitats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2017-09-12, 114 (37): E7737–E7745. PMC 5603991 . PMID 28808007. doi:10.1073/pnas.1620089114 .
^ Gitzendanner, Matthew A.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Wong, Gane K.-S.; Ruhfel, Brad R.; Soltis, Douglas E. Plastid phylogenomic analysis of green plants: A billion years of evolutionary history. American Journal of Botany. 2018, 105 (3): 291–301. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 29603143. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1048  （英語）.

[1] Lecointre, Guillaume; Guyader, Hervé Le. The Tree of Life: A Phylogenetic Classification. Harvard University Press. 2006: 158. ISBN 9780674021839 （英語）. Phragmoplastophyta.

[:3-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Adl, Sina M.; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; Lane, Christopher E.; Lukeš, Julius; Bass, David; Bowser, Samuel S.; Brown, Matthew W.; Burki, Fabien; Dunthorn, Micah. The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 2012-09-01, 59 (5): 429–514. ISSN 1550-7408. PMC 3483872 . PMID 23020233. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x （英語）.

[3] Silar, Philippe, Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes, HAL Archives-ouvertes, 2016: 1–462 [2021-10-29], （原始內容存檔於2016-05-13）

[4] Streptophyta - NCBI Taxonomy - Overview - Encyclopedia of Life. Encyclopedia of Life. [2017-09-10]. （原始內容存檔於2018-10-07）（英語）.

[5] Gould, Sven B.; Archibald, John M.; Stanton, Amanda; Vries, Jan de. Streptophyte Terrestrialization in Light of Plastid Evolution. Trends in Plant Science. 2016-06-01, 21 (6): 467–476 [2021-10-29]. ISSN 1360-1385. PMID 26895731. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.021. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-08）（英語）.

[Leliaert20122-6] Leliaert, Frederik; Smith, David R.; Moreau, Hervé; Herron, Matthew D.; Verbruggen, Heroen; Delwiche, Charles F.; De Clerck, Olivier. Phylogeny and Molecular Evolution of the Green Algae (PDF). Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 2012, 31: 1–46 [2021-10-29]. S2CID 17603352. doi:10.1080/07352689.2011.615705. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2015-06-26）.

[Marin20122-7] Marin, Birger. Nested in the Chlorellales or Independent Class? Phylogeny and Classification of the Pedinophyceae (Viridiplantae) Revealed by Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of Complete Nuclear and Plastid-encoded rRNA Operons. Protist. 2012, 163 (5): 778–805. PMID 22192529. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.11.004.

[Laurin-LemayBrinkmann20122-8] Laurin-Lemay, Simon; Brinkmann, Henner; Philippe, Hervé. Origin of land plants revisited in the light of sequence contamination and missing data. Current Biology. 2012, 22 (15): R593–R594. PMID 22877776. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.013 .

[9] Leliaert, Frederik; Tronholm, Ana; Lemieux, Claude; Turmel, Monique; DePriest, Michael S.; Bhattacharya, Debashish; Karol, Kenneth G.; Fredericq, Suzanne; Zechman, Frederick W. Chloroplast phylogenomic analyses reveal the deepest-branching lineage of the Chlorophyta, Palmophyllophyceae class. nov.. Scientific Reports. 2016-05-09, 6: 25367. Bibcode:2016NatSR...625367L. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4860620 . PMID 27157793. doi:10.1038/srep25367 （英語）.

[:0-10] Cook, Martha E.; Graham, Linda E. Archibald, John M.; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; Slamovits, Claudio H. , 編. Handbook of the Protists. Springer International Publishing. 2017: 185–204. ISBN 9783319281476. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28149-0_36 （英語）.

[:1-11] Lewis, Louise A.; Richard M. McCourt. Green algae and the origin of land plants. 美國植物學期刊. 2004, 91 (10): 1535–1556 [2021-10-29]. PMID 21652308. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535. （原始內容 (abstract)存檔於2011-02-21）.

[:2-12] Ruhfel, Brad R.; Gitzendanner, Matthew A.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Burleigh, J. Gordon. From algae to angiosperms–inferring the phylogeny of green plants (Viridiplantae) from 360 plastid genomes. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2014-02-17, 14: 23. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3933183 . PMID 24533922. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-23.

[13] Umen, James G. Green Algae and the Origins of Multicellularity in the Plant Kingdom. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2014-11-01, 6 (11): a016170. ISSN 1943-0264. PMC 4413236 . PMID 25324214. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016170 （英語）.

[14] Vries, Jan; Archibald, John M.; Gould, Sven B. The Carboxy Terminus of YCF1 Contains a Motif Conserved throughout >500 Myr of Streptophyte Evolution. Genome Biology and Evolution. 2017-02-01, 9 (2): 473–479. PMC 5381667 . PMID 28164224. doi:10.1093/gbe/evx013 （英語）.

[15] Sánchez-Baracaldo, Patricia; Raven, John A.; Pisani, Davide; Knoll, Andrew H. Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited low-salinity habitats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2017-09-12, 114 (37): E7737–E7745. PMC 5603991 . PMID 28808007. doi:10.1073/pnas.1620089114 .

[16] Gitzendanner, Matthew A.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Wong, Gane K.-S.; Ruhfel, Brad R.; Soltis, Douglas E. Plastid phylogenomic analysis of green plants: A billion years of evolutionary history. American Journal of Botany. 2018, 105 (3): 291–301. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 29603143. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1048  （英語）.

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