薄板龍科

薄板龍科; 化石時期：130–66 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	薄板龍
保護狀況
	化石
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	爬蟲綱 Reptilia
目：	†蛇頸龍目 Plesiosauria
演化支：	†新蛇頸龍類 Neoplesiosauria
亞目：	†蛇頸龍亞目 Plesiosauroidea
演化支：	†淺隱龍類 Cryptoclidia
演化支：	†奇漁龍類 Xenopsaria
科：	†薄板龍科 Elasmosauridae; Cope, 1825
異名
	白堊龍科 Cimoliasauridae Persson, 1960

薄板龍科（Elasmosauridae）屬於蛇頸龍亞目，是蛇頸龍類中最先進的一群，也是頸部最長的一群。薄板龍科生存於三疊紀晚期到白堊紀末期。牠們以魚類及缺乏甲殼的頭足類為主食。

體型[編輯]

薄板龍科中最早的成員體型很小，身長約3公尺。在白堊紀末期，薄板龍科的身長為14公尺，例如薄板龍。牠們的頸部是蛇頸龍類中最長的，擁有32到71節頸椎。薄板龍甚至有超過70個脊椎骨。薄板龍科的體重只有數公噸。

分類[編輯]

在1869年，愛德華·德林克·科普（Edward Drinker Cope）建立、命名薄板龍科，以容納薄板龍屬。

薄板龍科 Elasmosauridae下級分類如下：

亞歷士龍屬 Alexeyisaurus?
卡拉瓦亞龍屬 Callawayasaurus
白堊龍屬 Cimoliasaurus^[1]
伊羅曼加龍屬 Eromangasaurus
費雷斯諾龍屬 Fresnosaurus
角龍屬 Goniosaurus
狡蛇龍屬（英語：Jucha） Jucha
萊訥河泳龍屬 Lagenanectes
萊瓦泳龍屬 Leivanectes
平椎龍屬 Leurospondylus?
毛伊龍屬 Mauisaurus
Ogmodirus（英語：Ogmodirus）?
覆蜥龍屬 Orophosaurus
近薄板龍屬（英語：Plesioelasmosaurus） Plesioelasmosaurus^[2]
斯堪尼龍屬 Scanisaurus
白浪泳龍屬 Wapuskanectes^[3]
伍倫加龍屬 Woolungasaurus^[4]
窈頸龍屬 Zarafasaura^[5]
真薄板龍類 Euelasmosaurida^[6]
- 心鴉龍屬 Cardiocorax^[7]
- 西南泳龍屬 Libonectes
- 海霸龍屬 Thalassomedon
- 薄板龍亞科 Elasmosaurinae
  - 阿爾伯塔泳龍屬 Albertonectes
  - 薄板龍屬 Elasmosaurus
  - 河泳龍屬 Fluvionectes
  - 水怪龍屬 Hydrotherosaurus
  - 友泳龍屬（英語：Nakonanectes） Nakonanectes^[8]
  - 神河龍屬 Styxosaurus
  - 末泳龍屬（英語：Terminonatator） Terminonatator
- 威德爾泳龍類 Weddellonectia^[9]^[10]
  - 海泡龍屬 Aphrosaurus
  - 丘布特泳龍屬 Chubutinectes^[11]
  - 雙葉龍屬 Futabasaurus
  - 卡瓦泳龍屬 Kawanectes
  - 馬蘭比奧泳龍屬（英語：Marambionectes） Marambionectes^[12]
  - Morenosaurus（英語：Morenosaurus）
  - 古代龍屬（英語：Tuarangisaurus） Tuarangisaurus
  - 維加龍屬（英語：Vegasaurus） Vegasaurus
  - 極泳龍亞科 Aristonectinae
    - 亞歷山大泳龍屬 Alexandronectes
    - 極泳龍屬 Aristonectes
    - 獵蛸龍屬 Kaiwhekea
    - 莫特納龍屬 Morturneria
    - 古涅菲亞龍屬（英語：Wunyelfia） Wunyelfia

參考資料[編輯]

^ F. Robin O'Keefe; Hallie P. Street. Osteology Of The Cryptoclidoid Plesiosaur Tatenectes laramiensis, With Comments On The Taxonomic Status Of The Cimoliasauridae (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2009, 29 (1): 48–57. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29...48O. S2CID 31924376. doi:10.1671/039.029.0118.
^ Schumacher, Bruce A.; Everhart, Michael J. Washed Ashore – New Elasmosaurid Specimens (Plesiosauria: Sauropterygia) from the Late Cretaceous of Colorado and Kansas and Their Bearing on Elasmosaurid Lineages of the Western Interior Seaway. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 2022, 125 (3–4): 237–263. ISSN 0022-8443. S2CID 253364262. doi:10.1660/062.125.0313.
^ Patrick S. Druckenmiller; Anthony P. Russell. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, northeastern Alberta, Canada (PDF). Paludicola. 2006, 5 (4): 184–199. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-06）.
^ Benjamin P. Kear. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Queensland, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2005, 25 (4): 792–805. S2CID 86297695. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0792:ANEPFT]2.0.CO;2.
^ Peggy Vincent; Nathalie Bardet; Xabier Pereda Suberbiola; Baâdi Bouya; Mbarek Amaghzaz; Saïd Meslouh. Zarafasaura oceanis, a new elasmosaurid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Maastrichtian Phosphates of Morocco and the palaeobiogeography of latest Cretaceous plesiosaurs. Gondwana Research. 2011, 19 (4): 1062–1073. Bibcode:2011GondR..19.1062V. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2010.10.005.
^ O'Gorman, Jose P. Elasmosaurid phylogeny and paleobiogeography, with a reappraisal of Aphrosaurus furlongi from the Maastrichtian of the Moreno Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2020-03-13, 39 (5): e1692025. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1692025 （英語）.
^ Araújo, R., Polcyn M. J., Schulp A. S., Mateus O., Jacobs L. L., Gonçalves O. A., & Morais M. - L. (2015). A new elasmosaurid from the early Maastrichtian of Angola and the implications of girdle morphology on swimming style in plesiosaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. FirstView, 1–12., 1
^ Serratos, Danielle J.; Druckenmiller, Patrick; Benson, Roger B. J. A new elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Bearpaw Shale (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of Montana demonstrates multiple evolutionary reductions of neck length within Elasmosauridae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2017, 37 (2): e1278608. Bibcode:2017JVPal..37E8608S. S2CID 132717607. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1278608.
^ O'Gorman, José P.; Coria, Rodolfo A. A new elasmosaurid specimen from the upper Maastrichtian of Antarctica: new evidence of a monophyletic group of Weddellian elasmosaurids. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 2016-09-21, 41 (2): 240–249. ISSN 0311-5518. doi:10.1080/03115518.2016.1224318 （英語）.
^ O'Gorman, José P.; Panzeri, Karen M.; Fernández, Marta S.; Santillana, Sergio; Moly, Juan J.; Reguero, Marcelo. A new elasmosaurid from the upper Maastrichtian López de Bertodano Formation: new data on weddellonectian diversity (PDF). Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 2017-07-24, 42 (4): 575–586. ISSN 0311-5518. doi:10.1080/03115518.2017.1339233 （英語）.
^ O'Gorman, José P.; Carignano, Ana Paula; Calvo-Marcilese, Lydia; Pérez Panera, Juan Pablo. A new elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the upper levels of the La Colonia Formation (upper Maastrichtian), Chubut Province, Argentina. Cretaceous Research. 2023-08-10, 152: 105674. ISSN 0195-6671. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105674 （英語）.
^ O'Gorman, Jose P.; Canale, Juan I.; Bona, Paula; Tineo, David E.; Reguero, Marcelo; Cárdenas, Magalí. A new elasmosaurid (Plesiosauria: Sauropterygia) from the López de Bertodano Formation: new data on the evolution of the aristonectine morphology. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2024-12-31, 22 (1). ISSN 1477-2019. doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2312302 （英語）.

外部連結[編輯]

https://web.archive.org/web/20070714234015/http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Units/220Lepidosauromorpha/220.700.html#Elasmosauridae

[O'KeefeandStreet-1] F. Robin O'Keefe; Hallie P. Street. Osteology Of The Cryptoclidoid Plesiosaur Tatenectes laramiensis, With Comments On The Taxonomic Status Of The Cimoliasauridae (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2009, 29 (1): 48–57. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29...48O. S2CID 31924376. doi:10.1671/039.029.0118.

[Plesioelasmosaurus-2] Schumacher, Bruce A.; Everhart, Michael J. Washed Ashore – New Elasmosaurid Specimens (Plesiosauria: Sauropterygia) from the Late Cretaceous of Colorado and Kansas and Their Bearing on Elasmosaurid Lineages of the Western Interior Seaway. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 2022, 125 (3–4): 237–263. ISSN 0022-8443. S2CID 253364262. doi:10.1660/062.125.0313.

[Wapuskanectes-3] Patrick S. Druckenmiller; Anthony P. Russell. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, northeastern Alberta, Canada (PDF). Paludicola. 2006, 5 (4): 184–199. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-06）.

[Eromangasaurus-4] Benjamin P. Kear. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Queensland, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2005, 25 (4): 792–805. S2CID 86297695. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0792:ANEPFT]2.0.CO;2.

[Zarafasaura-5] Peggy Vincent; Nathalie Bardet; Xabier Pereda Suberbiola; Baâdi Bouya; Mbarek Amaghzaz; Saïd Meslouh. Zarafasaura oceanis, a new elasmosaurid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Maastrichtian Phosphates of Morocco and the palaeobiogeography of latest Cretaceous plesiosaurs. Gondwana Research. 2011, 19 (4): 1062–1073. Bibcode:2011GondR..19.1062V. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2010.10.005.

[Euelasmosaurida-6] O'Gorman, Jose P. Elasmosaurid phylogeny and paleobiogeography, with a reappraisal of Aphrosaurus furlongi from the Maastrichtian of the Moreno Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2020-03-13, 39 (5): e1692025. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1692025 （英語）.

[7] Araújo, R., Polcyn M. J., Schulp A. S., Mateus O., Jacobs L. L., Gonçalves O. A., & Morais M. - L. (2015). A new elasmosaurid from the early Maastrichtian of Angola and the implications of girdle morphology on swimming style in plesiosaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. FirstView, 1–12., 1

[8] Serratos, Danielle J.; Druckenmiller, Patrick; Benson, Roger B. J. A new elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Bearpaw Shale (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of Montana demonstrates multiple evolutionary reductions of neck length within Elasmosauridae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2017, 37 (2): e1278608. Bibcode:2017JVPal..37E8608S. S2CID 132717607. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1278608.

[Weddellonectia-9] O'Gorman, José P.; Coria, Rodolfo A. A new elasmosaurid specimen from the upper Maastrichtian of Antarctica: new evidence of a monophyletic group of Weddellian elasmosaurids. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 2016-09-21, 41 (2): 240–249. ISSN 0311-5518. doi:10.1080/03115518.2016.1224318 （英語）.

[10] O'Gorman, José P.; Panzeri, Karen M.; Fernández, Marta S.; Santillana, Sergio; Moly, Juan J.; Reguero, Marcelo. A new elasmosaurid from the upper Maastrichtian López de Bertodano Formation: new data on weddellonectian diversity (PDF). Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 2017-07-24, 42 (4): 575–586. ISSN 0311-5518. doi:10.1080/03115518.2017.1339233 （英語）.

[Chubutinectes-11] O'Gorman, José P.; Carignano, Ana Paula; Calvo-Marcilese, Lydia; Pérez Panera, Juan Pablo. A new elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the upper levels of the La Colonia Formation (upper Maastrichtian), Chubut Province, Argentina. Cretaceous Research. 2023-08-10, 152: 105674. ISSN 0195-6671. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105674 （英語）.

[Marambionectes-12] O'Gorman, Jose P.; Canale, Juan I.; Bona, Paula; Tineo, David E.; Reguero, Marcelo; Cárdenas, Magalí. A new elasmosaurid (Plesiosauria: Sauropterygia) from the López de Bertodano Formation: new data on the evolution of the aristonectine morphology. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2024-12-31, 22 (1). ISSN 1477-2019. doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2312302 （英語）.

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