中微子探测器

中微子探测器是观测中微子的实验设备。由于中微子只参与弱相互作用，一般探测器需要建造得够大，以接收到足够数量的中微子讯号。中微子探测器一般会选择建造在地底深处，以屏蔽宇宙射线以及其它背景辐射。^[1]中微子天文学目前仍未成熟，现今已确认来自地球以外的讯号来源只有太阳和超新星SN 1987A。然而未来中微子观测站将“为天文学家提供透析宇宙的展新视野”。^[2]

中微子的探测方法有许多种。

超级神冈探测器装置是一个极大容积的50000吨纯水，并且在周围设置了11200个光电倍增管。中微子入射后会产生的电子和μ子，光电管便可侦测电子、μ子所放出的切连科夫辐射。
萨德伯里中微子观测站的探测方法类似，然而他们使用1000吨重水作为介质。
MINOS（英语：MINOS）的探测器使用塑胶制的闪烁晶体，并且用光电管监控。

中微子观测站[编辑]

神冈探测器（日本），启用于1983年。
超级神冈探测器（日本），1990年代在神冈探测器的基础上扩建。
萨德伯里中微子观测站（加拿大），启用于1999年。
IceCube中微子观测站（美国），启用于2010年。
江门地下中微子实验观测站（中国），计划于2020年启用。
巴克三中微子观测所 (前苏联)，启用于1977年。
贝加尔湖深水中微子望远镜（英语：Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope），启用于1993年

参见[编辑]

中微子实验列表（英语：List of neutrino experiments）

参考资料[编辑]

^ KENNETH CHANG. Tiny, Plentiful and Really Hard to Catch. The New York Times. April 26, 2005 [2011-06-16]. In 1987, astronomers counted 19 neutrinos from an explosion of a star in the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud, 19 out of the billion trillion trillion trillion trillion neutrinos that flew from the supernova.
^ Ian Sample. The hunt for neutrinos in the Antarctic. The Guardian. 23 January 2011 [2011-06-16]. （原始内容存档于2011-01-27）. The $272m (£170m) IceCube instrument is not your typical telescope. Instead of collecting light from the stars, planets or other celestial objects, IceCube looks for ghostly particles called neutrinos that hurtle across space with high-energy cosmic rays. If all goes to plan, the observatory will reveal where these mysterious rays come from, and how they get to be so energetic. But that is just the start. Neutrino observatories such as IceCube will ultimately give astronomers fresh eyes with which to study the universe.

[twsP16-1] KENNETH CHANG. Tiny, Plentiful and Really Hard to Catch. The New York Times. April 26, 2005 [2011-06-16]. In 1987, astronomers counted 19 neutrinos from an explosion of a star in the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud, 19 out of the billion trillion trillion trillion trillion neutrinos that flew from the supernova.

[twsP14-2] Ian Sample. The hunt for neutrinos in the Antarctic. The Guardian. 23 January 2011 [2011-06-16]. （原始内容存档于2011-01-27）. The $272m (£170m) IceCube instrument is not your typical telescope. Instead of collecting light from the stars, planets or other celestial objects, IceCube looks for ghostly particles called neutrinos that hurtle across space with high-energy cosmic rays. If all goes to plan, the observatory will reveal where these mysterious rays come from, and how they get to be so energetic. But that is just the start. Neutrino observatories such as IceCube will ultimately give astronomers fresh eyes with which to study the universe.

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