古风野牛

古风野牛; 化石时期：0.24–0.01 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼
	古风野牛全身骨架
保护状况
	化石
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：	偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
科：	牛科 Bovidae
属：	野牛属 Bison
种：	†古风野牛 B. antiquus
二名法
	†Bison antiquus; Leidy, 1852

古风野牛（学名：Bison antiquus）是1万年前更新世晚期时北美洲最普遍的大型草食性动物，且是现存美洲野牛的直接祖先^[3]。

描述[编辑]

西伯利亚野牛于更新世冰河时期（大约 240,000 至 220,000 年前）^[4]^[5]^[6]从西伯利亚迁徙至阿拉斯加。西伯利亚野牛于300万年前在北美洲发展成长角野牛。约距今2万2千年前，长角野牛被古风野牛所取代。古风野牛于1万8千年前开始大量繁殖，并于1万年前与其他更新世大型动物群一同灭绝^[5]，而在这之后美洲野牛出现，直到现今^[7]。古风野牛在拉布雷亚沥青坑中是最为普遍的草食性动物^[3]。

对比现今的美洲野牛属，古风野牛体型较高，骨头及角较大。体型上较现存的美洲野牛大上 15-25% ，肩高可达 2.27米（7.4英尺），体长可达 4.6米（15英尺），体重则可达 1,588千克（3,501英磅）^[8]。古风野牛双角角尖之间的距离约为 1米（3.3英尺）。

参考文献[编辑]

^ Leidy & 1852a 117.
^ Leidy, 1852b & 11.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Animals of the La Brea Tar Pits Timeline. La Brea Tar Pits & Museum. [14 March 2017]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-11）.
^ Bell, C.J.; et al. The Blancan, Irvingtonian, and Rancholabrean mammal ages. Woodburne, M.O. (编). Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Biostratigraphy and Geochronology. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. 2004: 232–314. ISBN 0-231-13040-6.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Scott, E.; Cox, S.M. Late Pleistocene distribution of Bison (Mammalia; Artiodactyla) in the Mojave Desert of Southern California and Nevada. Wang, X.; Barnes, L.G. (编). Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Western and Southern North America. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2008: 359–382.
^ Sanders, A.E.; R.E. Weems & L.B. Albright III. Formalization of the mid-Pleistocene "Ten Mile Hill beds" in South Carolina with evidence for placement of the Irvingtonian–Rancholabrean boundary. Albright III, L.B. (编). Papers on Geology, Vertebrate Paleontology, and Biostratigraphy in Honor of Michael O. Woodburne. Flagstaff: Museum of Northern Arizona. 2009: 369–375.
^ Wilson, M.C. & L.V. Hills, B. Shapiro. Late Pleistocene northward-dispersing Bison antiquus from the Bighill Creek Formation, Gallelli Gravel Pit, Alberta, Canada, and the fate of Bison occidentalis. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2008, 45 (7): 827–859. Bibcode:2008CaJES..45..827W. doi:10.1139/E08-027.
^ 存档副本. [2018-10-15]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-21）.

外部链接[编辑]

数位典藏与数位学习联合目录 - 古风野牛头颅骨（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Ancient Bison foot fossil （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Paleobiology Database - Bison antiquus （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[FOOTNOTELeidy1852a117-1] Leidy & 1852a 117.

[FOOTNOTELeidy1852b11-2] Leidy, 1852b & 11.

[Tar_Pits-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Animals of the La Brea Tar Pits Timeline. La Brea Tar Pits & Museum. [14 March 2017]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-11）.

[Belletal.2004-4] Bell, C.J.; et al. The Blancan, Irvingtonian, and Rancholabrean mammal ages. Woodburne, M.O. (编). Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Biostratigraphy and Geochronology. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. 2004: 232–314. ISBN 0-231-13040-6.

[ScottandCox2008-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Scott, E.; Cox, S.M. Late Pleistocene distribution of Bison (Mammalia; Artiodactyla) in the Mojave Desert of Southern California and Nevada. Wang, X.; Barnes, L.G. (编). Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Western and Southern North America. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2008: 359–382.

[Sandersetal.2009-6] Sanders, A.E.; R.E. Weems & L.B. Albright III. Formalization of the mid-Pleistocene "Ten Mile Hill beds" in South Carolina with evidence for placement of the Irvingtonian–Rancholabrean boundary. Albright III, L.B. (编). Papers on Geology, Vertebrate Paleontology, and Biostratigraphy in Honor of Michael O. Woodburne. Flagstaff: Museum of Northern Arizona. 2009: 369–375.

[Wilsonetal.2008-7] Wilson, M.C. & L.V. Hills, B. Shapiro. Late Pleistocene northward-dispersing Bison antiquus from the Bighill Creek Formation, Gallelli Gravel Pit, Alberta, Canada, and the fate of Bison occidentalis. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2008, 45 (7): 827–859. Bibcode:2008CaJES..45..827W. doi:10.1139/E08-027.

[8] 存档副本. [2018-10-15]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-21）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]