皮肤鳞状细胞癌

皮肤鳞状细胞癌; Squamous cell skin cancer
	皮肤鳞状细胞癌
症状	顶端为鳞状的硬块，但也可能形成溃疡
类型	skin carcinoma[*]、鳞状细胞癌、疾病
风险因子	紫外线、日光性角化症（英语：Actinic keratosis）、浅肤色、暴露在有砷的环境、放射线疗法、免疫缺陷、人类乳突病毒
诊断方法	组织活检
相似疾病或共病	Keratoacanthoma（英语：Keratoacanthoma）、日光性角化症（英语：Actinic keratosis）、黑色素瘤、疣、基底细胞癌
预防	减少紫外线曝晒、防晒油
治疗	手术移除、放射线疗法、化学疗法
预后	一般不错
盛行率	220万人（2015年)
死亡数	51,900人（2015年）
分类和外部资源
医学专科	皮肤病学、整形、耳鼻喉科学
	[编辑此条目的维基数据]

皮肤鳞状细胞癌（Squamous-cell skin cancer或cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma，简称 cSCC）系为一种皮肤癌，和基底细胞癌和黑色素瘤都属于皮肤癌的主要类型^[10]。皮肤鳞状细胞癌也是鳞状细胞癌，外显状况通常为顶端为鳞状的硬块，但也可能形成溃疡^[1]。发病往往会长达数月^[4]；相较于基底细胞癌，皮肤鳞状细胞癌很可能远端转移^[11]。

最重大的危险因子是始终高度曝晒于太阳的紫外线之下，其他风险则有浅肤色、旧伤疤和免疫缺陷、罹患日光性角化症（英语：Actinic keratosis）、接触砷和放射线疗法和感染人类乳突病毒^[2]。有关UV射线的影响，总曝晒量的影响大于早期曝晒；日晒床此种紫外线辐射源也愈见普及^[12]。皮肤鳞状细胞癌先发现于人类皮肤上的上皮组织^[13]。通常诊断是基于皮肤检查，并辅以活体组织切片来做确诊^[2]^[3]。

一般认为最有效的预防方法就是减少曝晒于紫外线之下和使用防晒油^[5]^[6]，典型的治疗方式为开刀予以切除。如果皮肤癌部位很小则可以简单切除；不然会推荐用用莫氏手术（英语：Mohs surgery）来治疗^[2]，其他还有冷冻治疗（英语：Cryosurgery）和放射线疗法。远端转移的病例中，或许会采用化学疗法或生物治疗^[7]。

截至 2015 年，所有年龄层合计有 220 万患者^[8]，约占所有皮肤癌患者中的两成^[14]。美国约有 12% 的男性和 7% 的女性会罹患此病，不限于其任何年龄层^[2]。如果远端转移后的预后良好，五年存活率可达 34%^[4]^[5]。2015 年，全球约有 51.9 万病例死亡^[9]。确诊的患者平均年龄约为 66 岁^[4]；皮肤鳞状细胞癌患者如果接受治疗成功痊愈，仍有较高风险发展为其他病症^[2]。

参见[编辑]

与非黑素瘤皮肤癌风险增加相关的皮肤疾病列表（英语：List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer）

参考资料[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Lynne M Dunphy. Primary Care: The Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing. F.A. Davis. 2011: 242 [2019-06-11]. ISBN 9780803626478. （原始内容存档于2021-02-02）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 Gandhi, Sumul Ashok; Kampp, Jeremy. Skin Cancer Epidemiology, Detection, and Management. The Medical Clinics of North America. 2015-11, 99 (6) [2022-07-28]. ISSN 1557-9859. PMID 26476255. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.06.002. （原始内容存档于2022-04-23）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Skin Cancer Treatment. National Cancer Institute. 21 June 2017 [2 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-04）（英语）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Ferri, Fred F. Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2016: 1199 [2 July 2017]. ISBN 9780323448383. （原始内容存档于2017-08-29）（英语）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 World Cancer Report 2014.. World Health Organization. 2014: Chapter 5.14. ISBN 9283204298.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Jou, Paul C.; Feldman, Ron J.; Tomecki, Kenneth J. UV protection and sunscreens: What to tell patients. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2012-06-01, 79 (6) [2022-07-28]. ISSN 0891-1150. PMID 22660875. doi:10.3949/ccjm.79a.11110. （原始内容存档于2022-09-02）（英语）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Skin Cancer Treatment. National Cancer Institute. 21 June 2017 [2 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-04）（英语）.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Vos, Theo; Allen, Christine; Arora, Megha; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Brown, Alexandria; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Z.; Coggeshall, Megan. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016-10-08, 388 (10053) [2022-07-28]. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 5055577 . PMID 27733282. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. （原始内容存档于2019-12-07）（英语）.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Wang, Haidong; Naghavi, Mohsen; Allen, Christine; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Zian; Coates, Matthew M.; Coggeshall, Megan. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016-10-08, 388 (10053). ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 5388903 . PMID 27733281. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 （英语）.
^ Skin Cancer Treatment (PDQ®). NCI. 2013-10-25 [30 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-05）.
^ Cakir, Burak Ömür; Adamson, Peter; Cingi, Cemal. Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck. 2012-11-01, 20 (4). ISSN 1064-7406. doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2012.07.004 （英语）.
^ Gallagher, Richard P.; Lee, Tim K.; Bajdik, Chris D.; Borugian, Marilyn. Ultraviolet radiation. Chronic Diseases in Canada. 2010,. 29 Suppl 1 [2022-07-28]. ISSN 1481-8523. PMID 21199599. （原始内容存档于2022-08-08）.
^ NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancer Institute. [9 November 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-09）.
^ Stratigos, Alexander; Garbe, Claus; Lebbe, Celeste; Malvehy, Josep; Marmol, Veronique del; Pehamberger, Hubert; Peris, Ketty; Becker, Jürgen C.; Zalaudek, Iris; Saiag, Philippe; Middleton, Mark R. Diagnosis and treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline. European Journal of Cancer. 2015-09-01, 51 (14). ISSN 0959-8049. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2015.06.110 （英语）.

外部链接[编辑]

Information on Squamous Cell Carcinoma from The Skin Cancer Foundation （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
DermNet NZ: Squamous cell carcinoma （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Squamous cell carcinoma in transplant recipients （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Including TCC, CIS and papillary tumour SCC

[Lyn2011-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Lynne M Dunphy. Primary Care: The Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing. F.A. Davis. 2011: 242 [2019-06-11]. ISBN 9780803626478. （原始内容存档于2021-02-02）.

[Ga2015-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 Gandhi, Sumul Ashok; Kampp, Jeremy. Skin Cancer Epidemiology, Detection, and Management. The Medical Clinics of North America. 2015-11, 99 (6) [2022-07-28]. ISSN 1557-9859. PMID 26476255. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.06.002. （原始内容存档于2022-04-23）.

[NCI2017Diag-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Skin Cancer Treatment. National Cancer Institute. 21 June 2017 [2 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-04）（英语）.

[Fer2017-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Ferri, Fred F. Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2016: 1199 [2 July 2017]. ISBN 9780323448383. （原始内容存档于2017-08-29）（英语）.

[WCR2014-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 World Cancer Report 2014.. World Health Organization. 2014: Chapter 5.14. ISBN 9283204298.

[Jou2012-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Jou, Paul C.; Feldman, Ron J.; Tomecki, Kenneth J. UV protection and sunscreens: What to tell patients. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2012-06-01, 79 (6) [2022-07-28]. ISSN 0891-1150. PMID 22660875. doi:10.3949/ccjm.79a.11110. （原始内容存档于2022-09-02）（英语）.

[NCI2017Tx-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Skin Cancer Treatment. National Cancer Institute. 21 June 2017 [2 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-04）（英语）.

[GBD2015Pre-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Vos, Theo; Allen, Christine; Arora, Megha; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Brown, Alexandria; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Z.; Coggeshall, Megan. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016-10-08, 388 (10053) [2022-07-28]. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 5055577 . PMID 27733282. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. （原始内容存档于2019-12-07）（英语）.

[GBD2015De-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Wang, Haidong; Naghavi, Mohsen; Allen, Christine; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Zian; Coates, Matthew M.; Coggeshall, Megan. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016-10-08, 388 (10053). ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 5388903 . PMID 27733281. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 （英语）.

[NCI2013TxPro-10] Skin Cancer Treatment (PDQ®). NCI. 2013-10-25 [30 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-05）.

[Cak2012-11] Cakir, Burak Ömür; Adamson, Peter; Cingi, Cemal. Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck. 2012-11-01, 20 (4). ISSN 1064-7406. doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2012.07.004 （英语）.

[UV2010-12] Gallagher, Richard P.; Lee, Tim K.; Bajdik, Chris D.; Borugian, Marilyn. Ultraviolet radiation. Chronic Diseases in Canada. 2010,. 29 Suppl 1 [2022-07-28]. ISSN 1481-8523. PMID 21199599. （原始内容存档于2022-08-08）.

[NCI2016Def-13] NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancer Institute. [9 November 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-09）.

[14] Stratigos, Alexander; Garbe, Claus; Lebbe, Celeste; Malvehy, Josep; Marmol, Veronique del; Pehamberger, Hubert; Peris, Ketty; Becker, Jürgen C.; Zalaudek, Iris; Saiag, Philippe; Middleton, Mark R. Diagnosis and treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline. European Journal of Cancer. 2015-09-01, 51 (14). ISSN 0959-8049. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2015.06.110 （英语）.

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