离宫四

离宫四（飞马座η）
Eta Pegasi
	离宫四在飞马座的位置
观测资料; 历元 J2000.0
星座	飞马座
星官	室宿离宫
赤经	22h 43m 00.13743s
赤纬	+30° 13′ 16.4822″
视星等（V）	+2.95
特性
光谱分类	G2 II + F0 V
U−B 色指数	+0.57
B−V 色指数	+0.86
天体测定
径向速度 (Rv)	+4.3 km/s
自行 (μ)	赤经：–100.06 mas/yr ; 赤纬：+15.46 mas/yr
视差 (π)	19.51 ± 0.18 mas
距离	167 ± 2 ly ; (51.3 ± 0.5 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)	–1.18
	轨道
绕行周期 (P)	813 天
偏心率 (e)	0.183
近心点历元 (T)	2452025 HJD
近心点幅角 (ω); (secondary)	344.7°
半振幅 (K1); (primary)	14.37 km/s
详细资料
η Peg A
质量	3.82 ± 0.52 M☉
半径	18 R☉
表面重力 (log g)	2.40
亮度	247 L☉
温度	5,450 K
金属量 [Fe/H]	+0.39 dex
自转	818
自转速度 (v sin i)	1.4 km/s
其他命名
	Matar, 44 Peg, FK5 857, HD 215182, HIP 112158, HR 8650, SAO 90734.

离宫四，即飞马座η（η Peg，η Pegasi）是一个位于飞马座的双星系统，距离地球约167光年。

特征[编辑]

离宫四的视星等为+2.95，^[2] 是飞马座第五亮的恒星。根据视差测量，它距离地球约167光年（51秒差距）。^[1]

离宫四由一对联星组成，两颗恒星相互旋转的周期为813天，轨道离心率为0.183。^[6] 其中较亮的主星是一颗亮巨星，恒星光谱为G2 II，^[3] 质量是太阳质量的4倍。^[5] 通过干涉测量并矫正周边昏暗后测量出这颗恒星的角直径为3.26 ± 0.07角分，^[11] 这意味着在距离地球167光年的实际位置上，它的半径约为太阳半径的18倍。^[8] 它的亮度是太阳亮度的247倍，^[7] 表面温度为5,450K。^[7] 这颗恒星的自转比较慢，视向自转速度为1.7 km·s^–1，自转周期约为818天。^[5] 离宫四的伴星是一颗F-型主序星，恒星光谱为F0 V.^[3]。在天球投影上，这对联星附近还有两颗G型恒星，目前尚不知道是否和这对联星有物理联系。

离宫四和危宿一（宝瓶座α）、虚宿一（宝瓶座β）三颗中等质量的恒星组成一个恒星群落，它们在星际运动的方向垂直于银河面。^[12]

命名[编辑]

离宫四在西方的传统名字为Matar，来自于阿拉伯语Al Saʽd al Maṭar（سعد المطر‎），意思为“幸运雨之星”。在中国古代星官系统中，离宫四属于北方玄武七宿中室宿离宫（表示皇帝的行宫）第四星，这也是离宫四名字的来由。^[13]

大众文化[编辑]

美国海军有一艘货船“USS Matar (AK-119)”是以离宫四的英文名Maṭar命名。

参考资料[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 van Leeuwen, F. Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction. Astronomy and Astrophysics. November 2007, 474 (2): 653–664. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Johnson, H. L.; et al. UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars. Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. 1966, 4 (99). Bibcode:1966CoLPL...4...99J.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Parsons, Sidney B.; Ake, Thomas B., Ultraviolet and Optical Studies of Binaries with Luminous Cool Primaries and Hot Companions. V. The Entire IUE Sample, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, November 1998, 119 (1): 83–104, Bibcode:1998ApJS..119...83P, doi:10.1086/313152
^ Wilson, Ralph Elmer. General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington. 1953. Bibcode:1953QB901.W495......
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Pizzolato, N.; Maggio, A.; Sciortino, S., Evolution of X-ray activity of 1-3 Msun late-type stars in early post-main-sequence phases, Astronomy and Astrophysics, September 2000, 361: 614–628, Bibcode:2000A&A...361..614P
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Massarotti, Alessandro; et al, Rotational and Radial Velocities for a Sample of 761 HIPPARCOS Giants and the Role of Binarity, The Astronomical Journal, January 2008, 135 (1): 209–231, Bibcode:2008AJ....135..209M, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/209
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Hohle, M. M.; Neuhäuser, R.; Schutz, B. F., Masses and luminosities of O- and B-type stars and red supergiants, Astronomische Nachrichten, April 2010, 331 (4): 349, Bibcode:2010AN....331..349H, doi:10.1002/asna.200911355
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Lang, Kenneth R., Astrophysical formulae, Astronomy and astrophysics library 1 3, Birkhäuser, 2006, ISBN 3540296921 . The radius (R_*) is given by:
${\begin{aligned}2\cdot R_{*}&={\frac {((51.3\cdot 3.26\cdot 10^{-3})\ {\text{AU}}}{0.0046491\ {\text{AU}}/R_{\bigodot }}}\\&\approx 36\cdot R_{\bigodot }\end{aligned}}$
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Luck, R. Earle; Wepfer, Gordon G., Chemical Abundances for F and G Luminosity Class II Stars, Astronomical Journal, November 1995, 110: 2425, Bibcode:1995AJ....110.2425L, doi:10.1086/117702
^ MATAR -- Star in double system, SIMBAD Astronomical Object Database (Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg), [2012-03-03], （原始内容存档于2020-01-11）
^ Richichi, A.; Percheron, I.; Khristoforova, M., CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements, Astronomy and Astrophysics, February 2005, 431: 773–777, Bibcode:2005A&A...431..773R, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042039
^ Ayres, Thomas R.; Brown, Alexander; Harper, Graham M. Chandra Observations of Coronal Emission from the Early G Supergiants α and β Aquarii. The Astrophysical Journal. July 2005, 627 (1): L53–L56. Bibcode:2005ApJ...627L..53A. doi:10.1086/431977.
^ 香港太空馆 - 研究资源 - 亮星中英对照表互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2010-08-18.

外部链接[编辑]

Matar（离宫四）

[aaa474_2_653-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 van Leeuwen, F. Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction. Astronomy and Astrophysics. November 2007, 474 (2): 653–664. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357.

[clpl4_99-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Johnson, H. L.; et al. UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars. Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. 1966, 4 (99). Bibcode:1966CoLPL...4...99J.

[apjss119_1_83-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Parsons, Sidney B.; Ake, Thomas B., Ultraviolet and Optical Studies of Binaries with Luminous Cool Primaries and Hot Companions. V. The Entire IUE Sample, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, November 1998, 119 (1): 83–104, Bibcode:1998ApJS..119...83P, doi:10.1086/313152

[gcsrv-4] Wilson, Ralph Elmer. General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington. 1953. Bibcode:1953QB901.W495......

[aaa361_614-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Pizzolato, N.; Maggio, A.; Sciortino, S., Evolution of X-ray activity of 1-3 Msun late-type stars in early post-main-sequence phases, Astronomy and Astrophysics, September 2000, 361: 614–628, Bibcode:2000A&A...361..614P

[aj135_1_209-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Massarotti, Alessandro; et al, Rotational and Radial Velocities for a Sample of 761 HIPPARCOS Giants and the Role of Binarity, The Astronomical Journal, January 2008, 135 (1): 209–231, Bibcode:2008AJ....135..209M, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/209

[an331_4_349-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Hohle, M. M.; Neuhäuser, R.; Schutz, B. F., Masses and luminosities of O- and B-type stars and red supergiants, Astronomische Nachrichten, April 2010, 331 (4): 349, Bibcode:2010AN....331..349H, doi:10.1002/asna.200911355

[lang2006-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Lang, Kenneth R., Astrophysical formulae, Astronomy and astrophysics library 1 3, Birkhäuser, 2006, ISBN 3540296921 . The radius (R_*) is given by:
${\begin{aligned}2\cdot R_{*}&={\frac {((51.3\cdot 3.26\cdot 10^{-3})\ {\text{AU}}}{0.0046491\ {\text{AU}}/R_{\bigodot }}}\\&\approx 36\cdot R_{\bigodot }\end{aligned}}$

[aj110_2425-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Luck, R. Earle; Wepfer, Gordon G., Chemical Abundances for F and G Luminosity Class II Stars, Astronomical Journal, November 1995, 110: 2425, Bibcode:1995AJ....110.2425L, doi:10.1086/117702

[SIMBAD-10] MATAR -- Star in double system, SIMBAD Astronomical Object Database (Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg), [2012-03-03], （原始内容存档于2020-01-11）

[aaa431_773-11] Richichi, A.; Percheron, I.; Khristoforova, M., CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements, Astronomy and Astrophysics, February 2005, 431: 773–777, Bibcode:2005A&A...431..773R, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042039

[apj627_1_L53-12] Ayres, Thomas R.; Brown, Alexander; Harper, Graham M. Chandra Observations of Coronal Emission from the Early G Supergiants α and β Aquarii. The Astrophysical Journal. July 2005, 627 (1): L53–L56. Bibcode:2005ApJ...627L..53A. doi:10.1086/431977.

[13] 香港太空馆 - 研究资源 - 亮星中英对照表互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2010-08-18.

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观测资料历元 J2000.0
离宫四在飞马座的位置
星座	飞马座
星官	室宿离宫
赤经	22^h 43^m 00.13743^s^[1]
赤纬	+30° 13′ 16.4822″^[1]
视星等（V）	+2.95^[2]
特性
光谱分类	G2 II + F0 V^[3]
U−B 色指数	+0.57^[2]
B−V 色指数	+0.86^[2]
天体测定

径向速度 (R_v)	+4.3^[4] km/s
自行 (μ)	赤经：–100.06^[1] mas/yr 赤纬：+15.46^[1] mas/yr
视差 (π)	19.51 ± 0.18^[1] mas
距离	167 ± 2 ly (51.3 ± 0.5 pc)
绝对星等 (M_V)	–1.18^[5]

轨道^[6]
绕行周期 (P)	813 天
偏心率 (e)	0.183
近心点历元 (T)	2452025 HJD
近心点幅角 (ω) (secondary)	344.7°
半振幅 (K₁) (primary)	14.37 km/s
详细资料
η Peg A
质量	3.82 ± 0.52^[7] M_☉
半径	18^[8] R_☉
表面重力 (log g)	2.40^[9]
亮度	247^[7] L_☉
温度	5,450^[7] K
金属量 [Fe/H]	+0.39^[9] dex
自转	818^[5]
自转速度 (v sin i)	1.4^[6] km/s

其他命名
Matar, 44 Peg, FK5 857, HD 215182, HIP 112158, HR 8650, SAO 90734.^[10]