土蝸屬

土蝸屬; 化石時期：侏羅紀至現在 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N 表達式錯誤：預期外的<運算符。表達式錯誤：預期外的<運算符。
	截口土蝸（Galba truncatula）的螺殼
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱：	腹足綱 Gastropoda
科：	椎實螺科 Lymnaeidae
亞科：	椎實螺亞科 Lymnaeinae
屬：	土蝸屬 Galba; Schrank, 1803
模式種
	Buccinum truncatulum O. F. Müller, 1774;
異名
	見內文

土蝸屬（學名：Galba）為一種會呼吸空氣的淡水螺物種，屬於椎實螺科的有肺類腹足綱軟體動物^[4]。本屬最廣為人知的物種為截口土蝸（Galba truncatula）。

本屬物種已知從侏羅紀就已出現，到現在仍有現生種^[5]

物種[編輯]

本屬物種計有：^[6]

Galba bulimoides ，或 Fossaria (Bakerilymnaea) bulimoides (I. Lea, 1841)^[7]
Galba cousini (Jousseaume, 1887) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Galba cubensis (Pfeiffer, 1839) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
† Galba dupuyiana (Noulet, 1854)
† Galba gaudryi Wenz, 1922
† Galba halavatsi Wenz, 1922
† Galba minor (Thomä, 1845)
†適中土蝸 Galba modicella （Say, 1825)
Galba neotropica (Bargues, Artigas, Mera y Sierra, Pointier & Mas-Coma, 2007)^[8]
Galba obrussa (Say, 1825) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Galba parva (I. Lea, 1841)
小土蝸 Galba pervia (Martens, 1867)^[9]^[10]
Galba schirazensis Küster, 1862^[11]
Galba sibirica (Westerlund, 1885)
† Galba subminuta (Almera & Bofill y Poch, 1895)
† Galba suboblonga (Kovalenko, 1994)
† Galba subpalustris - a fossil species from the late Miocene
Galba viatrix Schrank, 1803
† Galba (Galba) bulimoides (Klein, 1846)
† Galba (Galba) cornea (Brongniart, 1810)
† Galba (Galba) kenesensis (Halaváts, 1903)
† Galba (Galba) phrygopalustris (Oppenheim, 1919)
† Galba (Galba) praepalustris (Roman, 1907)
† Galba (Galba) sandbergeri (Łomnicki, 1886)
† Galba (Galba) subtruncatula (Clessin, 1885)
† Galba (Galba) suevica (Wenz, 1916)
截口土蝸 Galba (Galba) truncatula (O. F. Müller, 1774)^[12]：模式種
†雲南土蝸 Galba yunnanensis Pan, 1977，見於雲南楚雄彝族自治州祿豐縣密馬龍的中侏羅世的化石

異名：

† Galba dupuyana (Noulet, 1854): synonym of † Galba dupuyiana (Noulet, 1854)
† Galba jaccardi (Maillard, 1892): synonym of †Stagnicola jaccardi (Maillard, 1892)
Galba montanensis F. C. Baker, 1913: synonym of Walterigalba montanensis (F. C. Baker, 1913)
Galba occulta Jackiewicz, 1959: synonym of Ladislavella terebra (Westerlund, 1885)
Galba pusilla Schrank, 1803: synonym of Galba truncatula (O. F. Müller, 1774)
† Galba (Galba) armaniacensis (Noulet, 1857): synonym of † Stagnicola armaniacensis (Noulet, 1857)
† Galba (Galba) bouilleti (Michaud, 1855): synonym of † Stagnicola bouilleti (Michaud, 1855)
† Galba (Galba) glabra (Müller, 1774): synonym of † Omphiscola glabra (O. F. Müller, 1774)
† Galba (Galba) heriacensis (Fontannes, 1876): synonym of † Stagnicola bouilleti (Michaud, 1855)
† Galba (Galba) jaccardi (Maillard, 1892): synonym of † Stagnicola jaccardi (Maillard, 1892)
† Galba (Galba) kreutzii (Łomnicki, 1886): synonym of † Stagnicola kreutzii (Łomnicki, 1886)
Galba (Galba) palustris (Müller, 1774): synonym of Stagnicola palustris (O. F. Müller, 1774)
† Galba (Galba) rouvillei (Fontannes, 1879): synonym of † Stagnicola bouilleti (Michaud, 1855)
† Galba (Galba) subfragilis (d'Orbigny, 1852): synonym of † Lymnaea subfragilis d'Orbigny, 1852
† Galba (Galba) subpalustris (Thomä, 1845): synonym of † Stagnicola subpalustris (Thomä, 1845)

另外還有：

金氏土蝸 Galba kingi（Ping et Yen）

異名[編輯]

Fossaria Westerlund, 1885^[13]
Galba (Bakerilymnaea) Weyrauch, 1964
Galba (Galba) Schrank, 1803
Galba (Sibirigalba) Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1985
Limnaea (Galba) Schrank, 1803 (genus misspelling; Galba is a separate genus)
Lymnaea (Galba) Schrank, 1803 (elevated to genus level)
Nasonia F. C. Baker, 1928 (invalid: junior homonym of Nasonia Ashmead, 1904 [Hymenoptera]; Bakerilymnaea is a replacement name)
Truncatuliana Servain, 1881 (invalid: junior objective synonym of Galba)

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Schrank F. von Paula (1803). Favna Boica. Durchgedachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere. Dritten und lezten Bandes zweyte Abtheilung. pp. [1], 1-372, III-XIX [= 3-19]. Landshut. (Krüll).
^ Bargues M. D., Artigas P., Khoubbane M., Flores R., Glöer P., et al. (2011). "Lymnaea schirazensis, an Overlooked Snail Distorting Fascioliasis Data: Genotype, Phenotype, Ecology, Worldwide Spread, Susceptibility, Applicability". PLoS ONE 6(9): e24567. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024567.
^ International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) (1998). "Opinion 1896. Galba Schrank, 1803 (Mollusca, Gastropoda): Buccinum truncatulum Müller, 1774 designated as the type species". Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55: 123.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Bouchet, P. Galba Schrank, 1803. WoRMS. 2014 [2014-11-17].
^ Ivanov, M.; Hrdličková, S.; Gregorová, R. year=2001. Encyklopedie zkamenělin. , Dobřejovice, 1. vydání, 312 pp., page =126: Rebo Productions （捷克語）.
^ 中國科學院動物研究所. 截口土蜗. 《中國動物物種編目資料庫》. 中國科學院微生物研究所. [2009-04-28]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-05）.
^ Levri E. P., Krist A. C., Bilka R. & Dybdahl M. F. (2014). "Phenotypic Plasticity of the Introduced New Zealand Mud Snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Compared to Sympatric Native Snails". PLoS ONE 9(4): e93985. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093985.
^ Bargues M. D., Artigas P., Mera y Sierra R. L., Pointier J. P. & Mas-Coma S. (2007). "Characterisation of Lymnaea cubensis, L. viatrix |and L. neotropica |n. sp., the main vectors of Fasciola hepatica |in Latin America, by analysis of their ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA". Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology（英語：Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology） |101: 621-641. doi:10.1179/136485907X229077.
^ Liu G.-H., Wang S.-Y., Huang W.-Y., Zhao G.-H., Wei S.-J., et al. (2012). "The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Galba pervia |(Gastropoda: Mollusca), an Intermediate Host Snail of Fasciola |spp." [[PLoS ONE |7(7): e42172. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042172.
^ 中國科學院動物研究所. 小土蜗. 《中國動物物種編目資料庫》. 中國科學院微生物研究所. [2009-04-28]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-05）.
^ {{cite journal |last1=Glöer |first1=P. |last2=Pešić |first2=V.|authorlink2=Pešić V. |year=2012 |title=The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species |journal=[[ZooKeys ||volume=219 |pages=11-61 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.219.3406 |language=en }}
^ Müller O. F. (1774). Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Volumen alterum. pp. I-XXVI [= 1-36], 1-214, [1-10]. Havniae & Lipsiae. (Heineck & Faber).
^ Westerlund (1885) Fauna Paläarct. Reg. Binnenconch., 5, 24, 49.

引用錯誤：在<references>標籤中name屬性為「K&S1985」的參考文獻沒有在文中使用

引用錯誤：在<references>標籤中name屬性為「Vinarski2013」的參考文獻沒有在文中使用

外部連結[編輯]

維基物種上的相關資訊：土蝸屬
土蝸屬在NCBI的頁面連結

這是一篇與軟體動物相關的小作品。你可以透過編輯或修訂擴充其內容。

[1] Schrank F. von Paula (1803). Favna Boica. Durchgedachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere. Dritten und lezten Bandes zweyte Abtheilung. pp. [1], 1-372, III-XIX [= 3-19]. Landshut. (Krüll).

[2] Bargues M. D., Artigas P., Khoubbane M., Flores R., Glöer P., et al. (2011). "Lymnaea schirazensis, an Overlooked Snail Distorting Fascioliasis Data: Genotype, Phenotype, Ecology, Worldwide Spread, Susceptibility, Applicability". PLoS ONE 6(9): e24567. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024567.

[3] International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) (1998). "Opinion 1896. Galba Schrank, 1803 (Mollusca, Gastropoda): Buccinum truncatulum Müller, 1774 designated as the type species". Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55: 123.

[WoRMS_716335-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Bouchet, P. Galba Schrank, 1803. WoRMS. 2014 [2014-11-17].

[5] Ivanov, M.; Hrdličková, S.; Gregorová, R. year=2001. Encyklopedie zkamenělin. , Dobřejovice, 1. vydání, 312 pp., page =126: Rebo Productions （捷克語）.

[id11247-6] 中國科學院動物研究所. 截口土蜗. 《中國動物物種編目資料庫》. 中國科學院微生物研究所. [2009-04-28]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-05）.

[7] Levri E. P., Krist A. C., Bilka R. & Dybdahl M. F. (2014). "Phenotypic Plasticity of the Introduced New Zealand Mud Snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Compared to Sympatric Native Snails". PLoS ONE 9(4): e93985. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093985.

[8] Bargues M. D., Artigas P., Mera y Sierra R. L., Pointier J. P. & Mas-Coma S. (2007). "Characterisation of Lymnaea cubensis, L. viatrix |and L. neotropica |n. sp., the main vectors of Fasciola hepatica |in Latin America, by analysis of their ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA". Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology（英語：Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology） |101: 621-641. doi:10.1179/136485907X229077.

[9] Liu G.-H., Wang S.-Y., Huang W.-Y., Zhao G.-H., Wei S.-J., et al. (2012). "The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Galba pervia |(Gastropoda: Mollusca), an Intermediate Host Snail of Fasciola |spp." [[PLoS ONE |7(7): e42172. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042172.

[id11246-10] 中國科學院動物研究所. 小土蜗. 《中國動物物種編目資料庫》. 中國科學院微生物研究所. [2009-04-28]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-05）.

[Glöer_2012-11] {{cite journal |last1=Glöer |first1=P. |last2=Pešić |first2=V.|authorlink2=Pešić V. |year=2012 |title=The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species |journal=[[ZooKeys ||volume=219 |pages=11-61 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.219.3406 |language=en }}

[12] Müller O. F. (1774). Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Volumen alterum. pp. I-XXVI [= 1-36], 1-214, [1-10]. Havniae & Lipsiae. (Heineck & Faber).

[13] Westerlund (1885) Fauna Paläarct. Reg. Binnenconch., 5, 24, 49.

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