蘇聯政府壓抑的科學研究

有一系列科學研究受到蘇聯政府的壓抑，相關研究員經常受到不公正對待，動輒被貼上「資產階級學者」的標籤。

生物學[編輯]

1930年代中期起，李森科在史達林支持下發動了一場反對基因遺傳學的運動。^[1]該學說的創始人孟德爾是一個天主教聖職人員，這一點格外地激怒史達林。^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

語言學[編輯]

史達林上台時，尼古拉·馬爾的雅弗理論居於統治地位，他認為語言是一種階級構成。史達林讀到了一封齊克巴瓦的反對馬爾的來信，於是把他召來進行了一次幾個小時的談話，作了大量的筆記。^[6]於是他找到了足夠的材料來反對馬爾，結束了後者在蘇聯語言學界的統治地位，而史達林自己就語言學只寫過一篇論文，《馬克思主義和語言學問題》。^[7]史達林統治下也把比較語言學打為偽科學。^[8]

控制論[編輯]

史達林也認定魏納的控制論為「資產階級偽科學」。^[9]在蘇聯，意識形態期刊《哲學問題》在1953年的一篇文章中評價控制論為「帝國主義者沒有辦法摧毀資本主義中的根本矛盾，他們不能阻止即將發生的經濟危機。所以，他們嘗試從狂熱的軍備競賽和意識形態戰爭中尋找答案。在深層的絕望中，他們尋求偽科學帶來的一線希望以苟延殘喘」，1954年版《簡明哲學詞典》中稱控制論為「反動的偽科學，首先出現在二戰後的美國，後廣泛傳播於資本主義國家，是一種現代的機械論。」^[10]

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Hudson, P. S., and R. H. Richens. The New Genetics in the Soviet Union. Cambridge, U.K.: English School of Agriculture, 1946.
^ Isis, Volume 37. History of Science Society, Académie internationale d'histoire des sciences. 1947 [2007-10-18]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-20）. The fact that Mendel was a priest has been similarly used to discredit his ideas.
^ Eugenics: Galton and After. Duckworth. 1952 [2007-10-18]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-20）. Was not Mendel a priest ? If, as the reactionaries maintain, genetic processes are subject to the laws of chance ...
^ George Aiken Taylor. The Presbyterian Journal, Volume 31. Southern Presbyterian Journal Co. 1972 [2007-10-18]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-18）. Mendel, of course, must be discredited, in Communist thought, because he was a product of the West and of the Church.
^ The Australasian Journal of Psychology and Philosophy, Volumes 23-27. Australasian Association of Psychology and Philosophy. 1945 [2007-10-18]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-19）. He trenchantly criticises Lysenko's vilification of the work of Mendel and Morgan as "fascist, bourgeois-capitalistic, and inspired by clerics" (that Mendel was a priest is taken as sufficient to discredit his experiments).
^ Montefiore. p.638, Phoenix, Reprinted paperback.
^ Joseph V. Stalin (1950-06-20). "Concerning Marxism in Linguistics", Pravda. Available online as Marxism and Problems of Linguistics （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） including other articles and letters also published in Pravda soon after February 8 and July 4, 1950.
^ Robert Conquest Reflections on a Ravaged Century (2000) ISBN 0-393-04818-7, page 101-111
^ 蘇聯解體對當代中國政治的影響
^ 《資訊理論與編碼引論：劍橋大學真題精解》前言

[1] Hudson, P. S., and R. H. Richens. The New Genetics in the Soviet Union. Cambridge, U.K.: English School of Agriculture, 1946.

[George_Sarton-2] Isis, Volume 37. History of Science Society, Académie internationale d'histoire des sciences. 1947 [2007-10-18]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-20）. The fact that Mendel was a priest has been similarly used to discredit his ideas.

[Charles_Paton_Blacker-3] Eugenics: Galton and After. Duckworth. 1952 [2007-10-18]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-20）. Was not Mendel a priest ? If, as the reactionaries maintain, genetic processes are subject to the laws of chance ...

[George_Aiken_Taylord-4] George Aiken Taylor. The Presbyterian Journal, Volume 31. Southern Presbyterian Journal Co. 1972 [2007-10-18]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-18）. Mendel, of course, must be discredited, in Communist thought, because he was a product of the West and of the Church.

[Australasian_Association_of_Psychology_and_Philosophy-5] The Australasian Journal of Psychology and Philosophy, Volumes 23-27. Australasian Association of Psychology and Philosophy. 1945 [2007-10-18]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-19）. He trenchantly criticises Lysenko's vilification of the work of Mendel and Morgan as "fascist, bourgeois-capitalistic, and inspired by clerics" (that Mendel was a priest is taken as sufficient to discredit his experiments).

[6] Montefiore. p.638, Phoenix, Reprinted paperback.

[7] Joseph V. Stalin (1950-06-20). "Concerning Marxism in Linguistics", Pravda. Available online as Marxism and Problems of Linguistics （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） including other articles and letters also published in Pravda soon after February 8 and July 4, 1950.

[reflections-8] Robert Conquest Reflections on a Ravaged Century (2000) ISBN 0-393-04818-7, page 101-111

[9] 蘇聯解體對當代中國政治的影響

[10] 《資訊理論與編碼引論：劍橋大學真題精解》前言

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