金山寺 (曼谷)
| 金山寺 | |
|---|---|
| วัดสระเกศราชวรมหาวิหาร (วัดสระเกศ) | |
_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3_(16).jpg) 金山（ภูเขาทอง Phu Khao Thong） | |
  曼谷內的位置 | |
| 基本資訊 | |
| 國家 | 泰國 |
| 位置 | 曼谷邦巴沙都拍縣 |
| 坐標 | 13°45′14″N 100°30′30″E / 13.75389°N 100.50833°E |
| 宗教 | 上座部佛教 |
| 官方網站 | www |
| 竣工 | 相傳起源於阿瑜陀耶王國時期[1] 拉達那哥欣王國時期翻修 |
| 地圖 | |
 | |
金山寺（泰語：วัดสระเกศราชวรมหาวิหาร，皇家轉寫：Wat Saket Ratchaworamahawihan）位於泰國曼谷邦巴沙都拍縣。寺內有一座約77米高的人造山，山頂建金色舍利塔，由山麓至塔尖的高度為63公呎，登臨頂峰可鳥瞰曼谷的市容。
歷史[編輯]
相傳始建於阿瑜陀耶王國時期，原名沙蓋寺（วัดสะแก）。拉瑪一世定都曼谷後翻修，相傳拉瑪一世在1782年鎮壓吞武里起事凱旋，入城前在此沐浴洗髮，因而定名為沙革寺（泰語：วัดสระเกศ Wat Saket），意為「洗髮寺」[2]。
拉瑪三世統治時期，決定在沙革寺興修一座普朗式舍利塔，但由於曼谷土質鬆軟，塔在工程中途垮塌，留下廢棄的磚土堆，雜草叢生。曼谷人遂稱之為「山」（ภูเขา Phu khao）[3]。拉瑪四世即位後，決定在山頂興修一座小型佛塔，到拉瑪五世時期完工，覆上金磚[4]，塔內藏有佛牙舍利[5]，是英國政府贈予拉瑪五世的禮物[6]。自此，這座小山便得名金山（ภูเขาทอง Phu Khao Thong）。
20世紀初，金山以卡拉拉大理石作材料重修[7]。20世紀40年代，周圍加蓋水泥牆，防止侵蝕[8]。
建築[編輯]
寺內戒堂供奉一尊大型坐立釋迦牟尼銅像。戒堂周圍的迴廊內供奉有163尊各式佛像[6]。
金山腳下設有巴米揚博物館，藏有阿富汗巴米揚大佛的經書造像[6]。
-
-
-
金山舍利塔 -
金山腳下 -
戒堂內部造像 -
戒堂壁畫 -
夜間點亮的金山和王孫寺金屬殿 -
自金山可俯瞰曼谷城區 -
金山，19世紀50年代 -
金山，1976年攝
_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3_(3).jpg)
_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3,Wat_Saket_Ratchaworamahawiharn,Bangkok_(18).jpg)
_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3,Wat_Saket_Ratchaworamahawiharn,Bangkok_(30).jpg)
_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3_(5).jpg)
_(31523289014).jpg)
習俗和傳說[編輯]
每年十一月，金山寺舍利塔都會裹上紅布，信徒在紅布上籤下自己和家人的姓名，以此祈願。這一習俗可追溯到拉瑪五世時期[9]。同時間亦會有水燈節慶祝活動，舉行廟會，上演畸形秀等熱鬧活動[10]。
在拉達那哥欣時代早期，曼谷人忌諱在拉達那哥欣島城牆內火化死者，因而經常從鬼門出城，在城外的金山寺火化屍體。1820年，拉瑪二世統治時期，曼谷霍亂流行，至少三萬人喪命。金山寺每日都有大量病人遺體需火葬，一些屍體來不及焚燒即被遺棄腐爛，招來大群禿鷲盤旋進食。因此曼谷有一俗語「金山寺的禿鷲，善見寺的餓鬼[11][2]」。
-
裹上紅布的舍利塔 -
20世紀初，金山寺附近的火葬亭 -
金山寺火葬，攝於1891年 -
禿鷲食屍雕塑
參見[編輯]
參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ WAT SRAKESA. WAT360. [2023-10-23]. （原始內容存檔於2017-01-29）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Pralongchoeng, Kilane. หมุดหมายแห่งสระเกศ [Placemark of Saket]. Thairath. 2017-10-03 [2019-09-19]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-10） （泰語）.
- ^ Old photo (around 1900) of dilapidated prang from the collection of Cornell University Library （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (last access 2009-09-24).
- ^ Walsh, John. Bangkok City. International Affairs Division, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. 2009. ISBN 978-974-16-8598-1.
- ^ McDaniel, Justin Thomas. The Lovelorn Ghost and the Magical Monk: Practicing Buddhism in Modern Thailand. 2011 [2023-10-23]. ISBN 9780231527545. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-29）.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Wat Saket in Bangkok. Tourist Bangkok. [2023-10-23]. （原始內容存檔於2023-11-01）.
- ^ Norwich 2001, p. 266
- ^ Wikimapia: Temple of the Golden Mount or Phu Khao Thong (ภูเขาทอง) -Bangkok (Krungthep). [2023-10-23]. （原始內容存檔於2008-12-10）.
- ^ "ห่มผ้าแดงภูเขาทอง" พิธีศักดิ์สิทธิ์ สิริมงคลสูงล้น ปฏิบัติสืบสานตั้งแต่สมัย ร.๕ ["Covering the red robe of the Golden Mount", a sacred ceremony high auspicious continuing from the reign of Rama V]. ASTV Manager. 2019-11-07 [2019-11-10]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-07） （泰語）.
- ^ krashkraft. sao noi tok nam. Flickr. 2008-11-09 [2023-10-23]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-18）.
- ^ ความจริงไม่ตาย : ยักษ์วัดแจ้ง แร้งวัดสระเกศ เปรตวัดสุทัศน์ [Truth never dies : ogres of Wat Arun, vultures of Wat Saket, preta of Wat Suthat]. TPBS. 2019-09-18 [2019-09-19]. （原始內容存檔於2022-05-25） （泰語）.
書目[編輯]
- Norwich, John Julius, Great architecture of the world, USA: Da Capo Press Inc., 2001, ISBN 0-306-81042-5[失效連結]
外部連結[編輯]
 |
維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：金山寺 |
- A photograph of the chedi under construction （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） c. 1865 by John Thompson
