白宮行政官邸

白宫行政官邸北面。

白宫地面层主要房间位置示意图。

白宫国家层主要房间位置示意图。

白宫第二层主要房间位置示意图。

行政官邸（英語：Executive Residence）是位于白宫建筑群东翼与西翼之间的中央建筑。行政官邸是白宫建筑群中最著名的部分，也是真正的“住宅”部分。这座中央建筑始建于1792年至1800年，是美国总统及第一家庭的住所。行政官邸主要由四层组成：地面层、国家层、第二层和第三层。1948年至1952年，在杜鲁门总统重建白宫期间，修建了带有夹层的两层地下室以用于安置暖通空调、机械系统、存储设备，以及布置服务区域。

地下层

白宫地下层是在1948年到1952年的重建过程中新增的，其中包含了空调及水软化设备。地下层及夹层还包含了储存区、供暖系统、电梯机械室、医疗诊所、牙医诊所、电气控制系统、洗衣房，以及餐具存放地。

基底层

新旧厨房变迁

白宫的基底层最初包含一系列服务用房。由于白宫建立在一个向南倾斜的小山丘上，为了提供通往基底层北侧的通道，在修建时挖掉了该宅邸北侧及其东北角和西北角附近的区域，以便为底层的这一半提供光线和空气。建筑师詹姆斯·霍班设计了基底层，他将厨房修建在入口大厅的下方，即在北门廊下方有通往厨房的门。储藏室在厨房的东侧，而厕所和洗碗室在西侧。1846年，厨房搬到了地下一层西北角的两个房间，而旧的厨房空间变成了非正式的客厅或接待室。截至2010年，这个原本由在1800年代修建的厨房所占据的巨大中央空间已被细分为白宫管理人办公室和美国特勤局办公室。新厨房也继续占据了位于底楼西北角的三个房间，但现在大小有所改变。

原厨房东侧的储藏室在1809年成为食品储藏间，在1825年成为肉类储物柜，然后在1946年变成通往国家层的楼梯。到2010年为止，该区域基本上保持不变，但在1952年为了建造电梯井而将楼梯收窄。

参考资料

文献

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延伸阅读

• Commission on the Renovation of the Executive Mansion. Report of the Commission on the Renovation of the Executive Mansion. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1952. 

• Garrett, Wendell. Our Changing White House. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 1995. ISBN 1555532225. 

• Truman, Margaret. The President's House: 1800 to the Present. New York: Ballantine. 2003. ISBN 0345444523. 

• White House Historical Association. The White House: An Historic Guide. White House Historical Association and National Geographic Association. 2001. ISBN 0912308796. 

外部链接

• 白宫历史协会 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）（英文）