鉿的同位素
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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鉿(原子量:178.49(2))的同位素,有5個是穩定的,以及1個天然放射性同位素174
Hf
。
圖表[编辑]
符號 | Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素質量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰變 方式[3] |
衰變 產物[n 2] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量 | |||||||||
153Hf | 72 | 81 | 152.97069(54)# | 400# ms [>200 ns] | 1/2+# | ||||
153mHf | 750(100)# keV | 500# ms | 11/2−# | ||||||
154Hf | 72 | 82 | 153.96486(54)# | 2(1) s | β+ | 154Lu | 0+ | ||
α (不常見) | 150Yb | ||||||||
155Hf | 72 | 83 | 154.96339(43)# | 890(120) ms | β+ | 155Lu | 7/2−# | ||
α (不常見) | 151Yb | ||||||||
156Hf | 72 | 84 | 155.95936(22) | 23(1) ms | α (97%) | 152Yb | 0+ | ||
β+ (3%) | 156Lu | ||||||||
156mHf | 1959.0(10) keV | 480(40) µs | 8+ | ||||||
157Hf | 72 | 85 | 156.95840(21)# | 115(1) ms | α (86%) | 153Yb | 7/2− | ||
β+ (14%) | 157Lu | ||||||||
158Hf | 72 | 86 | 157.954799(19) | 2.84(7) s | β+ (55%) | 158Lu | 0+ | ||
α (45%) | 154Yb | ||||||||
159Hf | 72 | 87 | 158.953995(18) | 5.20(10) s | β+ (59%) | 159Lu | 7/2−# | ||
α (41%) | 155Yb | ||||||||
160Hf | 72 | 88 | 159.950684(12) | 13.6(2) s | β+ (99.3%) | 160Lu | 0+ | ||
α (.7%) | 156Yb | ||||||||
161Hf | 72 | 89 | 160.950275(24) | 18.2(5) s | β+ (99.7%) | 161Lu | 3/2−# | ||
α (.3%) | 157Yb | ||||||||
162Hf | 72 | 90 | 161.94721(1) | 39.4(9) s | β+ (99.99%) | 162Lu | 0+ | ||
α (.008%) | 158Yb | ||||||||
163Hf | 72 | 91 | 162.94709(3) | 40.0(6) s | β+ | 163Lu | 3/2−# | ||
α (10−4%) | 159Yb | ||||||||
164Hf | 72 | 92 | 163.944367(22) | 111(8) s | β+ | 164Lu | 0+ | ||
165Hf | 72 | 93 | 164.94457(3) | 76(4) s | β+ | 165Lu | (5/2−) | ||
166Hf | 72 | 94 | 165.94218(3) | 6.77(30) min | β+ | 166Lu | 0+ | ||
167Hf | 72 | 95 | 166.94260(3) | 2.05(5) min | β+ | 167Lu | (5/2)− | ||
168Hf | 72 | 96 | 167.94057(3) | 25.95(20) min | β+ | 168Lu | 0+ | ||
169Hf | 72 | 97 | 168.94126(3) | 3.24(4) min | β+ | 169Lu | (5/2)− | ||
170Hf | 72 | 98 | 169.93961(3) | 16.01(13) h | ε | 170Lu | 0+ | ||
171Hf | 72 | 99 | 170.94049(3) | 12.1(4) h | β+ | 171Lu | 7/2(+) | ||
171mHf | 21.93(9) keV | 29.5(9) s | IT | 171Hf | 1/2(−) | ||||
172Hf | 72 | 100 | 171.939448(26) | 1.87(3) y | ε | 172Lu | 0+ | ||
172mHf | 2005.58(11) keV | 163(3) ns | (8−) | ||||||
173Hf | 72 | 101 | 172.94051(3) | 23.6(1) h | β+ | 173Lu | 1/2− | ||
174Hf[n 3] | 72 | 102 | 173.940046(3) | 7.0(12)×1016 y[1] | α | 170Yb | 0+ | 0.0016(1) | 0.001619–0.001621 |
174m1Hf | 1549.3 keV | 138(4) ns | (6+) | ||||||
174m2Hf | 1797.5(20) keV | 2.39(4) µs | (8−) | ||||||
174m3Hf | 1797.5 keV | 2.39(4) µs | (8−) | ||||||
174m4Hf | 3311.7 keV | 3.7(2) µs | (14+) | ||||||
175Hf | 72 | 103 | 174.941509(3) | 70(2) d | β+ | 175Lu | 5/2− | ||
176Hf[n 4] | 72 | 104 | 175.9414086(24) | 觀測上穩定[n 5] | 0+ | 0.0526(7) | 0.05206–0.05271 | ||
177Hf | 72 | 105 | 176.9432207(23) | 觀測上穩定[n 6] | 7/2− | 0.1860(9) | 0.18593–0.18606 | ||
177m1Hf | 1315.4504(8) keV | 1.09(5) s | 23/2+ | ||||||
177m2Hf | 1342.38(20) keV | 55.9(12) µs | (19/2−) | ||||||
177m3Hf | 2740.02(15) keV | 51.4(5) min | 37/2− | ||||||
178Hf | 72 | 106 | 177.9436988(23) | 觀測上穩定[n 7] | 0+ | 0.2728(7) | 0.27278–0.27297 | ||
178m1Hf | 1147.423(5) keV | 4.0(2) s | 8− | ||||||
178m2Hf | 2445.69(11) keV | 31(1) y | 16+ | ||||||
178m3Hf | 2573.5(5) keV | 68(2) µs | (14−) | ||||||
179Hf | 72 | 107 | 178.9458161(23) | 觀測上穩定[n 8] | 9/2+ | 0.1362(2) | 0.13619–0.1363 | ||
179m1Hf | 375.0367(25) keV | 18.67(4) s | 1/2− | ||||||
179m2Hf | 1105.84(19) keV | 25.05(25) d | 25/2− | ||||||
180Hf | 72 | 108 | 179.9465500(23) | 觀測上穩定[n 9] | 0+ | 0.3508(16) | 0.35076–0.351 | ||
180m1Hf | 1141.48(4) keV | 5.47(4) h | 8− | ||||||
180m2Hf | 1374.15(4) keV | 0.57(2) µs | (4−) | ||||||
180m3Hf | 2425.8(10) keV | 15(5) µs | (10+) | ||||||
180m4Hf | 2486.3(9) keV | 10(1) µs | 12+ | ||||||
180m5Hf | 2538.3(12) keV | >10 µs | (14+) | ||||||
180m6Hf | 3599.3(18) keV | 90(10) µs | (18−) | ||||||
181Hf | 72 | 109 | 180.9491012(23) | 42.39(6) d | β− | 181Ta | 1/2− | ||
181m1Hf | 595(3) keV | 80(5) µs | (9/2+) | ||||||
181m2Hf | 1040(10) keV | ~100 µs | (17/2+) | ||||||
181m3Hf | 1738(10) keV | 1.5(5) ms | (27/2−) | ||||||
182Hf | 72 | 110 | 181.950554(7) | 8.90(9)×106 y | β− | 182Ta | 0+ | ||
182mHf | 1172.88(18) keV | 61.5(15) min | β− (58%) | 182Ta | 8− | ||||
IT (42%) | 182Hf | ||||||||
183Hf | 72 | 111 | 182.95353(3) | 1.067(17) h | β− | 183Ta | (3/2−) | ||
184Hf | 72 | 112 | 183.95545(4) | 4.12(5) h | β− | 184Ta | 0+ | ||
184mHf | 1272.4(4) keV | 48(10) s | β− | 184Ta | 8− | ||||
185Hf | 72 | 113 | 184.95882(21)# | 3.5(6) min | β− | 185Ta | 3/2−# | ||
186Hf | 72 | 114 | 185.96089(32)# | 2.6(12) min | β− | 186Ta | 0+ | ||
187Hf | 72 | 115 | 186.96459(43)# | 30# s [>300 ns] | |||||
188Hf | 72 | 116 | 187.96685(54)# | 20# s [>300 ns] | 0+ |
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
鎦的同位素 | 鉿的同位素 | 鉭的同位素 |
註釋[编辑]
- ^ 半衰期超过宇宙年龄的同位素以粗体显示
- ^ 稳定同位素以粗体显示
- ^ 原生放射性同位素
- ^ 用于镥铪测年法
- ^ 理论上可以α衰变成172Yb
- ^ 理论上可以α衰变成173Yb
- ^ 理论上可以α衰变成174Yb
- ^ 理论上可以α衰变成175Yb
- ^ 理论上可以α衰变成176Yb
参考文獻[编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Caracciolo, V.; Nagorny, S.; Belli, P.; et al. Search for α decay of naturally occurring Hf-nuclides using a Cs2HfCl6 scintillator. Nuclear Physics A. 2020, 1002 (121941): 121941. Bibcode:2020NuPhA100221941C. S2CID 218487451. arXiv:2005.01373 . doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2020.121941.
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-04]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素與同位素的穩定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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