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维基百科,自由的百科全书

此列表列出了自由开源操作系统之间的比较。本列表中中,若并非该操作系统的所有版本均支持所列出之特性,则会加注首个实现本特性的版本。

一般信息[编辑]

名称 软件许可证 内核类型 内核语言 线程支持 操作系统家族 EOL版本中最早发布作者[Note 1] Forks
Linux GPL/LGPL 单核心与模块 C 1:1 类Unix 2.6.32.61
FreeBSD BSD; 包含GPL, LGPL软件 单核心与模块 C 1:1 BSD, 类Unix 8.4 DragonFly BSD
OpenBSD BSD 单核心与模块[Note 2] C 1:1 BSD, 类Unix 5.4 MirOS英语MirOS
NetBSD BSD 单核心与模块 C 1:1 BSD, 类Unix 5.0 OpenBSD
DragonFly BSD BSD 混杂 C 1:1 BSD, 类Unix
OpenSolaris, OpenIndiana CDDL 单核心与模块 C 1:1, M:N Unix
AuroraUX BSD/CDDL 单核心与模块 C, Ada 1:1, M:N Unix
Darwin, OpenDarwin, PureDarwin APSL 混杂 C, C++[Note 3] 1:1 BSD, Unix, 类Unix, OS X
MINIX BSD 微内核 C 类Unix
FreeDOS GPL 单核心 C DOS 1.1
Haiku MIT 混杂 C, C++ BeOS TiltOS
House BSD Haskell 专有
KolibriOS GPL 单核心 汇编语言 MenuetOS
MenuetOS Menuet 64, commerce excluded 单核心 汇编语言 专有 KolibriOS
GNU GPL Multiserver 微内核Hurd 内核)或单核心 (Linux-libre核心,Linux内核的复刻,以及非GNU 计划的其他内核) C 1:1 类Unix 2.4 on Linux-libre kernel (no on Hurd kernel) Linux
ReactOS GPL, LGPL 混杂 C, C++ Windows-like
L4, Fiasco, Pistachio Some GPL, some BSD 微内核 C++ L4
Plan 9 LPL 混杂 C 1:1, 1:M Cothread style. 自有,宣称为Unix Inferno, Plan B
AROS Research Operating System英语AROS APL Exokernel C AmigaOS
Syllable Desktop GPL 单核心与模块 C, C++ 1:1 类Unix, BeOS, AmigaOS, POSIX
Inferno GPL, LGPL; MIT C Plan 9 OzInferno
FreeRTOS modified GPL RTOS C RTOS
eCos modified GPL, eCos RTOS C, C++ RTOS
RTEMS modified GPL, BSD, Stanford RTOS C 以及汇编语言,并有天然的对包括C++和 Ada 的支持 POSIX, RTEID/ORKID, uITRON RTOS 4.7.1
HelenOS英语HelenOS BSD 微内核 C M:N 专有
E/OS GPLv2 单核心 汇编语言, C 1:1 BeOS, 类Unix
名称 软件许可证 内核类型 内核语言 线程支持 操作系统家族 非EOL版本中最早发布作者[Note 1] Forks
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 No for single line development model.
  2. ^ OpenBSD contains support for modules on some architectures. They are used only to add third-party features: extracting existing functions into modules in the same manner as FreeBSD is not possible.
  3. ^ For IOKit.

支持的平台[编辑]

名称 x86, i386, IA-32 x86 對稱多處理 Xen IA-64 x86-64 PowerPC PowerPC 對稱多處理 SPARC32 SPARC 對稱多處理 Alpha MIPS ARM XScale Motorola 68000 series英语M68k PA-RISC OpenRISC英语OpenRISC 其他 宿主模式
Linux FR-V, Cell, ETRAX CRIS, M32R, Xtensa, h8, s390, SuperH UML, coLinux, MkLinux, Itanium Linux-on-Linux, wombat
FreeBSD[1] PC98
OpenBSD[2] [Note 1][3] SuperH, VAX, m88k
NetBSD[4] SuperH, ns32k, VAX
DragonFly BSD[5] vkernel
OpenSolaris[6]
AuroraUX[6] [Note 1] [Note 1]
Darwin, OpenDarwin[7] L4/Darwin
MINIX[8]
FreeDOS
Haiku [Note 1][9]
KolibriOS
MenuetOS
GNU [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] FR-V, Cell, ETRAX CRIS, M32R, Xtensa, h8, s390, SuperH[Note 2] UML, Itanium Linux-on-Linux[Note 3]
ReactOS [Note 1] [Note 1] [Note 1]
L4, Pistachio [Note 4] [Note 4] [Note 4] [Note 4] [Note 4]
Plan 9 [Note 5] [Note 5] [Note 5] See[10][11] lguest, vx32
AROS Research Operating System英语AROS i386-linux, i386-freebsd
Syllable Desktop
Inferno ? ? ? ? [Note 5] AMD Am29000,[Note 5] Texas Instruments OMAP Microsoft Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, Plan 9, OS X, Solaris, Irix, UnixWare,[Note 5] HP-UX,[Note 5] Internet Explorer
FreeRTOS AVR, PIC, MSP430, HCS12, 8052, MicroBlaze, Cortex-M3, H8S
eCos CalmRISC, ColdFire, FR-V, h8, Matsushita AM3x, Nios II, NEC V8xx, SuperH Microsoft Windows, Linux
RTEMS Xen Blackfin, Nios II, Coldfire, Texas Instruments C3x/C4x, SuperH, H8S Linux, Solaris, Cygwin, FreeBSD, multiple CPU simulators
HelenOS英语HelenOS
E/OS
名称 x86, i386, IA-32 x86 對稱多處理 Xen IA-64 x86-64 PowerPC PowerPC 對稱多處理 SPARC32 SPARC 對稱多處理 Alpha MIPS ARM XScale Motorola 68000 series英语M68k PA-RISC OpenRISC英语OpenRISC 其他 宿主模式
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Work in progress.
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 with Linux-libre kernel and others, but not on Hurd kernel
  3. ^ with Linux-libre and Linux kernel
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Pistachio supports AMD64; Fiasco only in the CVS version.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Support is outdated or unmaintained.

支持的硬件[编辑]

一般[编辑]

名称 ATA SATA SCSI USB 3.0 USB 2.0 USB 1.1 FireWire PCMCIA/PC card AGP Nvidia official driver IA-32 Nvidia official driver IA-64 Nvidia official driver AMD64 ATI official driver x86 ATI official driver x86-64 ATI r200 free software driver ATI r300 free software driver Nvidia free software driver Audio TV tuner, video editing, or webcam
Linux 是 2.6.31+[12] 是,nv(2d only), nouveau(3d with mesa) OSS, ALSA V4L,V4L2
FreeBSD 是 8.2+
OpenBSD 是 5.7+ [13] 2d only[13] 2d only[14]
NetBSD 否 7.0[15]
DragonFly BSD Yes[16]
OpenSolaris V4L2
AuroraUX
Darwin, OpenDarwin
MINIX
FreeDOS [17] [17]
Haiku
KolibriOS
MenuetOS
GNU [Note 1] [Note 1] [Note 1] [Note 1] [Note 1] [Note 1] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 2] [Note 3] [Note 3] [Note 1] [Note 1] [Note 1]
ReactOS [18] [18]
L4, Fiasco, Pistachio
Plan 9
AROS Research Operating System英语AROS 自有 仅 2D
Syllable Desktop
Inferno
FreeRTOS
eCos
RTEMS
HelenOS英语HelenOS
E/OS [6]
名称 ATA SATA SCSI USB 3.0 USB 2.0 USB 1.1 FireWire PCMCIA/PC card AGP Nvidia official driver IA-32 Nvidia official driver IA-64 Nvidia official driver AMD64 ATI official driver x86 ATI official driver x86-64 ATI r200 free software driver ATI r300 free software driver Nvidia free software driver Audio TV tuner, video editing, or webcam
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 is not supported on Hurd kernel for now
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Proprietary Software is not officially supported on GNU system
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Proprietary Firmware blob is not officially supported on GNU system

网络[编辑]

名称 Networking support NE2000/RTL8029 RTL8139 Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gigabit Ethernet Wireless LAN Bluetooth IrDA
Linux
FreeBSD
OpenBSD
NetBSD
DragonFly BSD
OpenSolaris
AuroraUX
Darwin, OpenDarwin
MINIX
FreeDOS
Haiku
KolibriOS
MenuetOS
GNU
ReactOS
L4, Fiasco, Pistachio
Plan 9
AROS Research Operating System英语AROS
Syllable Desktop
Inferno
FreeRTOS
eCos
RTEMS
HelenOS英语HelenOS
E/OS [7]
名称 Networking support NE2000/RTL8029 RTL8139 Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gigabit Ethernet Wireless LAN Bluetooth IrDA

网络技术[编辑]

名称 Firewall TCP/IP IPv6 IPX PPP PPPoE DHCP bridge TUN/TAP ssh OpenVPN
Linux netfilter iptables/nftables
FreeBSD IPFW2, IPFilter, PF
OpenBSD PF
NetBSD IPFilter, NPF, PF [Note 1]
DragonFly BSD IPFW2, PF
OpenSolaris IPFilter [Note 2]
AuroraUX IPFilter
Darwin, OpenDarwin IPFW
MINIX
FreeDOS
Haiku None
KolibriOS None
MenuetOS None
GNU netfilter iptables/nftables (with Linux-libre and Linux kernel)[Note 3] [Note 4] [Note 5]
ReactOS
L4, Fiasco, Pistachio
Plan 9 ipmux
AROS Research Operating System英语AROS
Syllable Desktop
Inferno ipmux
FreeRTOS
eCos
RTEMS
HelenOS英语HelenOS
E/OS
名称 Firewall TCP/IP IPv6 IPX PPP PPPoE DHCP bridge TUN/TAP ssh OpenVPN

支持的文件系统[编辑]

名称 FAT16, dosfs; FAT32, vfat NTFS Ext2 Ext3 XFS ReiserFS UFS UFS2 HFS HFS+ MINIXfs BFS ISO 9660 UDF NFS SMBFS RAM disk, tmpfs ZFS Other special file systems
Linux [Note 1][Note 2] [Note 3] [19] [Note 4] [Note 3] 9P,[Note 5] FUSE,[Note 5] sysfs,[Note 5] configfs,[Note 5] Reiser4,[Note 5][Note 6] JFS, Btrfs, UnionFS, Ext4
FreeBSD [Note 3][Note 2] [Note 3] [Note 1] [Note 3] FUSE, nullfs, UnionFS
NetBSD [Note 3][Note 2] [Note 3] [Note 3] PUFFS, LFS, EFS
OpenBSD [Note 3] AFS
DragonFly BSD [Note 3] [Note 7] HAMMER, nullfs, PUFFS
OpenSolaris [Note 2][Note 8] CIFS (native), QFS
AuroraUX [Note 2][Note 8] CIFS (native), QFS
Darwin, OpenDarwin [Note 3][Note 2]
MINIX
FreeDOS
Haiku [Note 2] [Note 9] [Note 9] [Note 10]
KolibriOS [Note 3] [Note 3] [Note 3] [Note 3]
MenuetOS
GNU [Note 11] [Note 12]
ReactOS
L4, Fiasco, Pistachio
Plan 9 Fossil, Venti, most system services
AROS Research Operating System英语AROS SFS, AFFS
Syllable Desktop [Note 3] [Note 3] [Note 3] AFS
Inferno kfs, most system services
FreeRTOS
eCos [Note 3] MMFS, ROMfs, JFFS2, YAFFS
RTEMS TarFS, TFTP FS, IMFS, miniIMFS
HelenOS英语HelenOS locfs, exFAT
E/OS [Note 13]
名称 FAT16, dosfs; FAT32, vfat NTFS Ext2 Ext3 XFS ReiserFS UFS UFS2 HFS HFS+ MINIXfs BFS ISO 9660 UDF NFS SMBFS RAM disk, tmpfs ZFS Other special file systems
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Experimental.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Read/Write support via NTFS-3G.
  3. ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 Read only kernel driver.
  4. ^ read/write access without journaling; HFS+ with journal either be opened read-only or be written with journal ignored (potentially corrupting the file system).
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 2.6 and later.
  6. ^ With patch [1].
  7. ^ Read only.
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 OpenSolaris also has an in-kernel, native CIFS server built directly on the ZFS DMU.
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Ext2/3 read and write support for Haiku (jvff's blog).
  10. ^ The GSoC 2009 project assignment was never completed (Obaro Ogbo's blog).
  11. ^ Ext3/4 is not supported on Hurd kernel for now
  12. ^ UFS support is dropped on Hurd kernel for now
  13. ^ Default in series 028.

支持的文件系统特性[编辑]

名称 RAID quota Resource access control encryption other special file system features
Linux Unix, ACL, MAC LVM, EVMS
FreeBSD Unix, ACL, MAC GEOM,快照, 后台fck, user-mountable file systems
OpenBSD Unix
NetBSD Unix, Veriexec
DragonFly BSD Unix HAMMER, Snapshots, Checksumming, Deduplication
OpenSolaris Unix, ACL, MAC Solaris Volume Manager, ZFS, snapshots, transparent data repair
AuroraUX Unix, ACL, MAC Solaris Volume Manager, ZFS, snapshots, transparent data repair
Darwin, OpenDarwin Unix, ACL
MINIX Unix
FreeDOS
KolibriOS
MenuetOS
GNU Unix
ReactOS
L4, Fiasco, Pistachio
Plan 9 类Unix, no root snapshots, venti archival storage, per-process 名称space, user-mountable file systems
AROS Research Operating System英语AROS
Syllable Desktop Unix 64-bit, journaling, extended file attributes
Inferno 类Unix, no root per-process 名称space, user-mountable file systems
FreeRTOS
eCos
RTEMS
HelenOS英语HelenOS
E/OS Unix
名称 RAID quota Resource access control encryption other special file system features

安全特性[编辑]

Operating system Mandatory access control Software executable space protection Operating system-level virtualization Virtualisation Userspace protection Others
Linux SELinux, AppArmor[Note 1] Exec Shield,[Note 1] PaX[Note 1] Chroot, 名称space and cgroups,[Note 2] Linux-VServer,[Note 1] OpenVZ[Note 1] KVM IPFilter, Iptables grsecurity,[Note 1] RSBAC[Note 1]
FreeBSD SeBSD,[Note 3][Note 4] TrustedBSD ProPolice/SSP[Note 5] jail IPFW, PF
Darwin SEDarwin, TrustedBSD jail IPFW
OpenBSD W^X, ProPolice/SSP[Note 6] PF
OpenSolaris TrustedBSD Solaris Containers KVM[20] IPFilter RBAC[21]
AuroraUX TrustedBSD Solaris Containers IPFilter
Plan 9 per-process 名称spaces
Inferno per-process 名称spaces
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 available as a patch(not integrated into the linux kernel or the userland uttilities),see the security features of the Linux distribution for more details
  2. ^ LXC is a front-end to this; also see lwn.net
  3. ^ not integrated into the operating system
  4. ^ see here [2] for more details
  5. ^ ProPolice/Stack-Smashing Protector has been enabled in base system since FreeBSD 8.0 release.
  6. ^ see here [3] for more details

See also[编辑]

参考资料[编辑]

  1. ^ Supported Platforms. Freebsd.org. [2011-10-26]. 
  2. ^ OpenBSD Platforms. OpenBSD. 9 May 2006 [2006-06-13]. 
  3. ^ OpenBSD/macppc. OpenBSD. 23 May 2006 [2006-06-13]. 
  4. ^ Hardware Supported by NetBSD. Netbsd.org. [2011-10-26]. 
  5. ^ DragonFly Frequently Asked Questions页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 OpenSolaris FAQ: Does the OpenSolaris project include source code for both the SPARC and x64/x86 architectures?. Opensolaris.org. 26 October 2009 [2011-10-26]. 
  7. ^ OpenDarwin FAQ: Compatibility issues. Web.archive.org. 15 April 2007 [2011-10-26]. (原始内容存档于18 December 2007). 
  8. ^ MINIX 3 Hardware Requirements. MINIX3.org. [2014-12-06]. 
  9. ^ Haiku ARM port progress. 18 August 2009. 
  10. ^ The Various Ports. Plan9.bell-labs.com. [2011-10-26]. 
  11. ^ Other hardware (Plan 9 wiki). Plan9.bell-labs.com. [2011-10-26]. 
  12. ^ First Driver for USB 3.0. 2009-06-09. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Manual Pages: radeon(4). Openbsd.org. [2011-10-26]. 
  14. ^ Manual Pages: nv(4). Openbsd.org. [2011-10-26]. 
  15. ^ Will NetBSD 7.0 support USB 3.0?. Reddit.org. 2015-08-19. 
  16. ^ release32. 
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 USB with DOS – Limited support for some devices provided by third-party driver.
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 [4] – Very limited support.
  19. ^ [5]
  20. ^ KVM. Joyent. [25 August 2012]. 
  21. ^ RBAC. Oracle. [28 September 2013]. 

额外链接[编辑]

虚拟镜像[编辑]

软件和软件包[编辑]