玉黍螺屬：修订间差异

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{{taxobox
{{taxobox
| name = 玉黍螺屬<br />''Littoraria''
| image = Littoraria irrorata.jpg
| image_caption = The shell of this individual of ''[[Littoraria irrorata]]'' is covered with the [[lichen]] ''[[Pyrenocollema halodytes]]''
| regnum = [[動物界]] Animalia
| regnum = [[動物界]] Animalia
| phylum = [[軟體動物門]] Mollusca
| phylum = [[軟體動物門]] Mollusca
第7行： 第10行：
| familia = [[玉黍螺科]] Littorinidae
| familia = [[玉黍螺科]] Littorinidae
| genus = '''玉黍螺屬 ''Littoraria'''''
| genus = '''玉黍螺屬 ''Littoraria'''''
| genus_authority = Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834<ref>Griffith & Pidgeon (1834). In: ''Griffith's Cuvier, Anim. Kingd., Moll., etc.'': 578.</ref>
| synonyms =
| type_species = ''Littorina pulchra'' Sowerby, 1832
}}
}}
'''玉黍螺屬'''（[[学名]]：{{lang|la|'''''Littoraria'''''}}）为[[玉黍螺科]]之下的一个屬，舊屬[[中腹足目]]，今已重新分類為[[高腹足類]]支序（Hypsogastropoda）[[玉黍螺總科]]的成員。
'''玉黍螺屬'''（[[学名]]：{{lang|la|'''''Littoraria'''''}}）为[[玉黍螺科]]之下的一个屬，舊屬[[中腹足目]]，今已重新分類為[[高腹足類]]支序（Hypsogastropoda）[[玉黍螺總科]]的成員<ref name="WoRMS_206218">{{cite WoRMS |last=Reid |first=David G. |year=2011 |title=''Littoraria'' <small>Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834</small>|id=206218 |accessdate=2011-04-15 }}</ref>。

本屬有超過50個物種，然而有廿多個品種現時認為其實只是變化多端的[[粗紋玉黍螺]]（{{lang|la|''Littorina scabra''}}）的異名物種<ref>{{cite book "last=Reid |first=David G. |year=1986 |title=''The littorinid molluscs of mangrove forests in the Indo-Pacific region'' |publisher=British Museum (Natural History) |location=London |language=en }}</ref>。

本屬的物種大多數都在印度洋－西太平洋海域及東太平洋的熱帶海域生活，通常於當地的熱帶[[紅樹林]]的樹幹、樹身或地表根之上
Many of the species in this genus occur in the Indo-West Pacific region and in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, where they are found in large numbers on the trunks, trees and prop roots of tropical [[mangrove]] forests a few metres above high tide level. These snails feed on the thin film of [[algae]], [[epiphyte]]s, [[Fungus|fungi]], [[diatom]]s and leaf [[Epidermis (botany)|epidermis]] of these mangroves.<ref name="Littoraria">{{cite journal | author=J.T. Christensen| title=Diet in Littoraria| journal=Hydrobiologia| year=1998| volume=378| pages=235–236| doi=10.1023/A:1003226713667}}</ref> The species living on higher levels of the trees have thinner shells, and are more variable in shell colour.

Within this genus, ''Littoraria aberrans'' is the only [[ovoviviparous]] species with an intracapsular metamorphosis.

== Species==
Species in the genus ''Littoraria'' include:
* ''[[Littoraria aberrans]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1846
* ''[[Littoraria ahenea]]'' Reid, 1986
* ''[[Littoraria albicans]]'' Metcalfe, 1852
* ''[[Littoraria angulifera]]'' [[Lamarck]], 1822 - mangrove periwinkle
** ''[[Littoraria angulifera hessei]]'' Boettger 1912
* ''[[Littoraria ardouiniana]]'' Heude, 1885
* ''[[Littoraria articulata]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1846
* ''[[Littoraria bengalensis]]'' Reid, 2001
* ''[[Littoraria carinifera]]'' Menke, 1830
* ''[[Littoraria cingulata]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1846
* ''[[Littoraria cingulifera]]'' Dunker, 1845
* ''[[Littoraria coccinea]]'' (Gmelin, 1791)
* ''[[Littoraria conica]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1846
* ''[[Littoraria delicatula]]'' Nevill, 1885
* ''[[Littoraria filosa]]'' (G.B. Sowerby I, 1832)
* ''[[Littoraria fasciata]]'' Sowerby, 1832
* † ''[[Littoraria flammea]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1847
* ''[[Littoraria flava]]'' King & Broderip, 1832
* ''[[Littoraria flavaosa]]'' King & Broderip, 1832
* ''[[Littoraria ianthostoma]]'' Stuckey & D.G. Reid, 2002
* ''[[Littoraria intermedia]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1846
* ''[[Littoraria irrorata]]'' [[Thomas Say|Say]], 1822 - marsh periwinkle
* ''[[Littoraria kraussi]]'' Rosewater, 1970
* ''[[Littoraria lutea]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1847
* ''[[Littoraria luteola]]'' [[Quoy]] & [[Gaimard]], 1833
* ''[[Littoraria mauritiana]]'' [[Lamarck]], 1822
* ''[[Littoraria melanostoma]]'' Gray, 1839
* ''[[Littoraria miodelicatula]]'' Oyama, 1950
* ''[[Littoraria nebulosa]]'' [[Lamarck]], 1822 - cloudy periwinkle
* ''[[Littoraria obesa]]'' [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1791
* ''[[Littoraria pallescens]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1846
* ''[[Littoraria philippiana]]'' Reeve, 1857
* ''[[Littoraria pintado]]'' Wood, 1820
** ''[[Littoraria pintado pullata]]'' [[Phillip Pearsall Carpenter|Carpenter]], 1864
* ''[[Littoraria planaxis]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1846
* ''[[Littoraria punctata]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1846
* ''[[Littoraria rosewateri]]'' Reid, 1999
* ''[[Littoraria scabra]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1847
* ''[[Littoraria sinensis]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1847
* ''[[Littoraria strigata]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1846
* ''[[Littoraria subvittata]]'' Reid, 1986
* ''[[Littoraria sulculosa]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1846
* ''[[Littoraria tessellata]]'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1847
* ''[[Littoraria undulata]]'' Gray, 1839
* ''[[Littoraria varia]]'' Sowerby, 1832
* ''[[Littoraria variegata]]'' Souleyet, in Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852
* ''[[Littoraria vespacea]]'' Reid, 1986
* ''[[Littoraria zebra]]'' Donovan, 1825 - zebra periwinkle
;Species brought into synonymy :
* ''Littoraria glabrata'' [[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1846 : synonym of ''Littoraria coccinea glabrata'' (Philippi, 1846)


==参考文献==
==参考文献==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==延伸閱讀==
* {{cite journal | author=REID David G.| title=New data on the taxonomy and distribution of the genus Littoraria Griffith and Pidgeon, 1834 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in Indo-West Pacific mangroveforests| journal=The Nautilus| year=2001| volume=115| issue=4| pages=115–139}}
* REID, D G 1986. The Littorinid Molluscs of Mangrove Forests in the Indo-Pacific Region: the genus Littoraria. British Museum (Natural History), London. 228 pp.
* {{cite journal | author=Reid D.G.| title=The genus Littoraria| journal=Veliger| year=1999| volume=42| pages=21–53}}
* {{cite journal | author=Reid D.G. & Mak, Y-M| title=Indirect evidence for ecophenotypic plasticity in radular dentition of Littoraria species (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)| journal=Journal of Molluscan Studies| year=1999| volume=65| pages=355–370| doi=10.1093/mollus/65.3.355 | issue=3}}
* {{cite journal | author=Reid D.G.| title=The phylogeny of Littoraria (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): an example of the practice and application of cladistic analysis| journal=Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication| year=1999| volume=19| pages=283–322}}


==外部連結==
==外部連結==

2015年2月10日 (二) 17:50的版本

玉黍螺屬
Littoraria
The shell of this individual of Littoraria irrorata is covered with the lichen Pyrenocollema halodytes
The shell of this individual of Littoraria irrorata is covered with the lichen Pyrenocollema halodytes
科學分類
界： 動物界 Animalia
門： 軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱： 腹足綱 Gastropoda
（未分级） 新進腹足類支序 Caenogastropoda
高腹足類支序 Hypsogastropoda
玉黍螺形類支序 Littorinimorpha
總科： 玉黍螺總科 Littorinoidea
科： 玉黍螺科 Littorinidae
屬： 玉黍螺屬 Littoraria
Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834[1]
模式種
Littorina pulchra Sowerby, 1832

玉黍螺屬（学名：Littoraria）为玉黍螺科之下的一个屬，舊屬中腹足目，今已重新分類為高腹足類支序（Hypsogastropoda）玉黍螺總科的成員[2]。

本屬有超過50個物種，然而有廿多個品種現時認為其實只是變化多端的粗紋玉黍螺（Littorina scabra）的異名物種[3]。

本屬的物種大多數都在印度洋－西太平洋海域及東太平洋的熱帶海域生活，通常於當地的熱帶紅樹林的樹幹、樹身或地表根之上 Many of the species in this genus occur in the Indo-West Pacific region and in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, where they are found in large numbers on the trunks, trees and prop roots of tropical mangrove forests a few metres above high tide level. These snails feed on the thin film of algae, epiphytes, fungi, diatoms and leaf epidermis of these mangroves.[4] The species living on higher levels of the trees have thinner shells, and are more variable in shell colour.

Within this genus, Littoraria aberrans is the only ovoviviparous species with an intracapsular metamorphosis.

Species

Species in the genus Littoraria include:

Species brought into synonymy
  • Littoraria glabrata Philippi, 1846 : synonym of Littoraria coccinea glabrata (Philippi, 1846)

参考文献

  1. ^ Griffith & Pidgeon (1834). In: Griffith's Cuvier, Anim. Kingd., Moll., etc.: 578.
  2. ^ Reid, David G. Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834. WoRMS. 2011 [2011-04-15]. 
  3. ^ Template:Cite book "last=Reid
  4. ^ J.T. Christensen. Diet in Littoraria. Hydrobiologia. 1998, 378: 235–236. doi:10.1023/A:1003226713667. 

延伸閱讀

  • REID David G. New data on the taxonomy and distribution of the genus Littoraria Griffith and Pidgeon, 1834 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in Indo-West Pacific mangroveforests. The Nautilus. 2001, 115 (4): 115–139. 
  • REID, D G 1986. The Littorinid Molluscs of Mangrove Forests in the Indo-Pacific Region: the genus Littoraria. British Museum (Natural History), London. 228 pp.
  • Reid D.G. The genus Littoraria. Veliger. 1999, 42: 21–53. 
  • Reid D.G. & Mak, Y-M. Indirect evidence for ecophenotypic plasticity in radular dentition of Littoraria species (Gastropoda: Littorinidae). Journal of Molluscan Studies. 1999, 65 (3): 355–370. doi:10.1093/mollus/65.3.355. 
  • Reid D.G. The phylogeny of Littoraria (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): an example of the practice and application of cladistic analysis. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication. 1999, 19: 283–322. 

外部連結

取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=玉黍螺屬&oldid=34277335”