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玉黍螺類（学名：Littorinimorpha），原屬中腹足目[1]，今屬新生腹足類支序（Caenogastropoda）高腹足類支序（Hypsogastropoda），體型細小。
分類
根據《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年)》，本科屬於新生腹足類，包括有以下三個亞科：
- 玉黍螺亞科 Littorininae Children, 1834 - synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
- Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 - synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
- Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989
科
玉黍螺類包括下列各科[2]：
- 玉黍螺亞科 Littorininae
- Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
- Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970
- Cenchritis von Martens, 1900
- Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 - synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009;[3] Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009[3]
- 玉黍螺屬 Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 - 39 species
- Littorina Férussac, 1822 - 18 species - type genus
- Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885[4]
- Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
- Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897 - this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
- Echinolittorina - 59 species worldwide
- Austrolittorina - five species
- Afrolittorina - four species
- Nodilittorina s.s. - the monotypic subgenus[5]
- Peasiella - Nevill, 1885
- 塔玉黍螺屬Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833 - 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942.
- Lacuninae
- Bembicium Philippi, 1846
- Cremnoconchus Blanford, 1869[4][6] - freshwater snails living in waterfalls.[7]
- Lacuna Turton, 1827 - synonym: Aquilonaria Dall, 1886
- Pellilitorina Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
- Risellopsis Kesteven, 1902
- Laevilitorininae
- Laevilitorina Pfeiffer, 1886
subfamily ?
- Algamorda Dall, 1918
- Macquariella Finlay, 1927 (?)
- Rissolitorina Ponder, 1966
- Synonyms
参考文献
- ^ 国际贝库：巨塔玉黍螺. 台湾贝类资料库. [2009-08-11].
- ^ Littorinidae. WoRMS.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Reid D. G. (2009) "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean." Zootaxa 2184: 1-103. abstract
- ^ 4.0 4.1 (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
- ^ S T Williams , D G Reid , D T J Littlewood. A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean.. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2003, 1 (1): 60–86. PMID 12801472. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1.
- ^ Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.
- ^ Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
- Littorinidae. ITIS.
- Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
延伸閱讀
David G. Reid, Suzanne T. Williams. The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina (PDF). Record of the Australian Museum. 2004, 56: 75–122. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393.
